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Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is the most suitable nontoxic, biocompatible material increasingly used for bone implant coatings. However, its brittle nature is a major obstacle for such applications and this leads to the focus on developing composite coatings with the incorporation of various biopolymers and reinforcing material. In this study, mineral-substituted hydroxyapatite (M-HAP) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), a biopolymer, are made into a composite (CMC/M-HAP) for enhanced biological properties of HAP. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are incorporated in the composite to improve the mechanical and anticorrosive properties of HAP. The present work investigates the development of CNTs/CMC/M-HAP composite coating on piranha-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy for improved biological and mechanical properties, which is anticipated to be the most suited alternative material for orthopedic implants.

Nanohydroxyapatite particles with different morphologies were synthesized through a microwave coupled hydrothermal method using CTAB as a template. A successful synthesis of nanosized HAP spheres, rods and fibres is achieved through this method by controlling the concentration of the surfactant. The concentration of the surfactant was tuned in such a way that the desired HAP nanostructures were obtained. The resultant powders were sintered at 900 • C in order to obtain phase pure HAP particles. The results obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques have substantiated the formation of nanosized HAP spheres and fibres.

Carbon nanotubes reinforced mineralized hydroxyapatite (CNT/M-HAP) composite coating on titanium by pulsed electrodeposition is a promising approach to produce bioimplants with better osseointegration capacity and improved mechanical property.