In this study, the efficacy of acidifiers (lactic and formic acids) and probiotic preparations containing Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) and Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in reducing of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infection in broiler chickens was investigated. One hundred and three day old broiler chicks were used. Three birds were euthanized for C. jejuni re-isolation at day old. One hundred chicks were assigned into 4 equal groups each, 25 birds. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed on ration containing acidifiers, P. acidilactici and S. boulardii, respectively, from day old till 5 weeks old. Chicks of group 4 were fed on plain ration (control). At 2 weeks of age, each bird was orally challenged with C. jejuni. Groups were kept for 3 weeks recording signs and mortalities. Faecal swabs were collected at different intervals for C. jejuni shedding. Liver and intestine were collected weekly for C. jejuni re-isolation. At 5 weeks of age, all birds were subjected for post-mortem lesions scoring of C. jejuni. Results cleared more severe signs of greenish diarrhea in control than treated birds with no mortalities in all groups. Significant (p<0.05) reduction of C. jejuni shedding and re-isolation rates as well as lesions scoring was seen in groups treated with S. boulardii and P. acidilactici followed by acidifiers over control birds. In conclusion, both acidifiers and probiotic preparations greatly reduced and eliminated C. jejuni infection in broiler chickens.
Equine herpesvirus-1 is a highly prevalent and frequently pathogenic infection of equines. The most serious clinical signs of disease ranging in severity, from mild respiratory distress to abortion in pregnant mares, neonatal foal death and neuropathogenic disorders. Inactivated EHV-1 adjuvanted vaccines consider the best way for controlling infectious disease. In this research, the prepared EHV-1 adjuvanted vaccines was completely inactivated by binary ethyleneimine (BEI) with (0.008M) and proved to be, sterile, pure, safe and potent when inoculated on VERO cells, mice and horses. Challenge was applied only in inoculated mice to detect the role of all prepared vaccines in the reduction of virus clearance and excretion. There was no any undesirable post vaccinal reaction in horses vaccinated with the prepared vaccine reconistitued in saponin, DEAE-Dextran (100mg/dose) and adjuvanted with Montanide MT Gel-01. The immunogenicity of vaccinated mares adjuvented with different three types of vaccine was assayed by different serological tests revealed that maximum antibodies titre was achieved at 3-4 months' post vaccination and EHV-1 inactivated vaccine reconstituted in DEAE-Dextran (100 mg/dose) is the best one of them followed by the vaccine reconstituted in saponin and vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide MT Gel-01.
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