The use of plant-derived pesticides against crop pests both on the field and during post-harvest is now emerging as one of the most important means of crop protection under an Integrated Pest Management framework following the multiple global challenges created by synthetic chemical pesticides. Studies on the phytochemicals, chemomicroscopic screening and mineral composition of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) were investigated for its potential useful bioactive compounds resource for possible utilization as plant-derived pesticides.The aqueous screening using reported methodologies for phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. Mineral analysis of both bark and leaves revealed that it contain substantial amount of nutrients evaluated. The results of this study suggested that P. thonningii (Schum.) have great potential as plant-derived pesticidal agent. Knowing that P. thonningii (Schum.) have bioactive properties is not enough, more research work is recommended on the various plant parts for isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds that may be utilize for pest control of agricultural plants.
The most important losses in agricultural production which involve the greatest costs on the farm economy occur postharvest. It is estimated that worldwide between 10 and 40% losses of agricultural produce occur postharvest. Losses are more severe in developing than developed nations of the world. Several species of fungi and in some cases bacteria participate in postharvest deterioration and rots of tubers and agro-produce. These include species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Macrophomina, Penicillium and Rhizopus amongst several others. In a bid to control these storage diseases several control techniques including physical, biological, and chemical and in recent times plant-based pesticides are employed. Chemical control has been identified as the most popular and most effective means of controlling plant diseases. However, it is being de-emphasized due largely to mammalian toxicity occasioned by chemical residues in crops. This in addition to many other demerits on ecological health and build-up of pathogens' resistance to some of the most effective fungicides have prompted search for alternatives. Recently in plant pathology many tropical plants are being screened for fungitoxic properties. This review presents highlights of the different control techniques for control of myco-induced storage rots of tubers and agricultural products in the tropics.
The most important losses in agricultural production which involve the greatest costs on the farm economy occur postharvest. It is estimated that worldwide between 10 and 40% losses of agricultural produce occur postharvest. Losses are more severe in developing than developed nations of the world. Several species of fungi and in some cases bacteria participate in postharvest deterioration and rots of tubers and agro- produce. These include species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Macrophomina, Penicillium and Rhizopus amongst several others. In a bid to control these storage diseases several control techniques including physical, biological, and chemical and in recent times plant-based pesticides are employed. Chemical control has been identified as the most popular and most effective means of controlling plant diseases. However, it is being de-emphasized due largely to mammalian toxicity occasioned by chemical residues in crops. This in addition to many other demerits on ecological health and build-up of pathogens’ resistance to some of the most effective fungicides have prompted search for alternatives. Recently in plant pathology many tropical plants are being screened for fungitoxic properties. This review presents highlights of the different control techniques for control of myco- induced storage rots of tubers and agricultural products in the tropics.
The most important losses in agricultural production which involve the greatest costs on the farm economy occur postharvest. It is estimated that worldwide between 10 and 40% losses of agricultural produce occur postharvest. Losses are more severe in developing than developed nations of the world. Several species of fungi and in some cases bacteria participate in postharvest deterioration and rots of tubers and agro-produce. These include species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Macrophomina, Penicillium and Rhizopus amongst several others. In a bid to control these storage diseases several control techniques including physical, biological, and chemical and in recent times plant-based pesticides are employed. Chemical control has been identified as the most popular and most effective means of controlling plant diseases. However, it is being deemphasized due largely to mammalian toxicity occasioned by chemical residues in crops. This in addition to many other demerits on ecological health and build-up of pathogens' resistance to some of the most effective fungicides have prompted search for alternatives. Recently in plant pathology many tropical plants are being screened for fungitoxic properties. This review presents highlights of the different control techniques for control of myco-induced storage rots of tubers and agricultural products in the tropics.
An experiment was conducted at Research and Demonstration Farm of Agricultural Science Department, Federal College of Education, Pankshin located in the Northern Guinea Savanna Agro-ecological Zone of Nigeria to investigate defoliation effects on morphological characters and yield attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) carried out during 2015 and 2016 dry season. The experiment comprised five levels of defoliation viz: 0% (control), 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100%. The experiment was laid out in identical Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications. Results revealed that defoliation had significant effect on the studied crop characters and yield. Most of the parameters like plant height, stem girth; number of leaves, leaf area, and yield parameters decreases which are a function of increasing defoliation levels intensity. Defoliation at 0% and 30% were tolerable for okra plant growth and development, while at 90% and 100% was detrimental to plant growth and yield. Hence, defoliation at 30% is recommended to meet farmers’ pod and leaf requirement.
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