In this paper, a circular Photonic Crystal fiber (C-PCF) is designed to detect two types of antibodies such as Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM). Light guiding property of different refractive index (RI) of IgG and IgM are analyzed. For various RI value confinement losses, relative sensitivity and effective mode area are analyzed. The projected C-PCF sensor produces low confinement loss and high sensitivity for the detection of IgM and IgG. Realistic execution of the proposed PCF sensor is viable by accessible technology and it is applicable to sense corona virus disease.
Future communication networks require the entire communication system to be all-optical to overcome the bandwidth constraints of electronics. All-optical devices play a vital role in supporting future networks, which demand a high speed of up to Tbps. An all-optical gray code converter operation was demonstrated numerically using a photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier (PhC-SOA) in a Mach-Zehnder interferometric (MZI) configuration at 1 Tbps for M-ary differential phase shift keying modulated binary and BCD inputs. The design achieved a very high extinction ratio of about 123.8 dB with a good quality factor value of about 45. The results show that PhC-SOA-based XOR and OR gates in the gray code converter design exhibits improved modulation features compared with traditional SOAs in our previous works.
Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is the category of optical fiber; the assets of this PCF is grounded on a photonic crystal. This PCF is of two types, and they are named as solid core PCF and Hollow-core PCF. Here, in this paper a survey is proposed for different shape PCF. These different shapes PCF uses different background material like silica, Zeonex, and TOPAS. Using this different shape PCF with different background material the sensitivity and confinement loss are compared. This paper can enhance research work in the field of fiber optics.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.