The intrinsic near-infrared photoluminescence (fluorescence) of single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibits unique photostability, narrow bandwidth, penetration through biological media, environmental sensitivity, and both chromatic variety and range. Biomedical applications exploiting this large family of fluorophores will require the spectral and spatial resolution of individual (n,m) nanotube species’ fluorescence and its modulation within live cells and tissues, which is not possible with current microscopy methods. We present a wide-field hyperspectral approach to spatially delineate and spectroscopically measure single nanotube fluorescence in living systems. This approach resolved up to 17 distinct (n,m) species (chiralities) with single nanotube spatial resolution in live mammalian cells, murine tissues ex vivo, and zebrafish endothelium in vivo. We anticipate that this approach will facilitate multiplexed nanotube imaging in biomedical applications while enabling deep-tissue optical penetration, and single-molecule resolution in vivo.
Mn-doped wurtzite GaN epilayers have been grown by nitrogen plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. Correlated SIMS, structural and magnetic measurements show that the incorporation of Mn strongly depends on the conditions of the growth. Hysteresis loops which persist at high temperature do not appear to be correlated to the presence of Mn. Samples with up to 2% Mn are purely substitutional Ga1−xMnxN epilayers, and exhibit paramagnetic properties. At higher Mn contents, precipitates are formed which are identified as GaMn3N clusters by X-ray diffraction and absorption: this induces a decrease of the paramagnetic magnetisation. Samples co-doped with enough Mg exhibit a new feature: a ferromagnetic component is observed up to Tc ∼ 175 K, which cannot be related to superparamagnetism of unresolved magnetic precipitates.
We report on the magneto-optical spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence of a set of wurtzite (Ga,Mn)N epilayers with a low Mn content, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The sharpness of the absorption lines associated to the Mn 3+ internal transitions allows a precise study of its Zeeman effect in both Faraday and Voigt configurations. We obtain a good agreement if we assume a dynamical Jahn-Teller effect in the 3d 4 configuration of Mn, and we determine the parameters of the effective Hamiltonians describing the 5 T2 and 5 E levels, and those of the spin Hamiltonian in the ground spin multiplet, from which the magnetization of the isolated ion can be calculated. On layers grown on transparent substrates, transmission close to the band gap, and the associated magnetic circular dichroism, reveal the presence of the giant Zeeman effect resulting from exchange interactions between the Mn 3+ ions and the carriers. The spin-hole interaction is found to be ferromagnetic.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.