HighlightsHome production of targeted crops for nutrients intake and nutritional outcomes.Homestead gardens for improved diet diversity.Diversification of agriculture for improved diet diversity and nutritional outcomes.No conclusive evidence of impact of irrigation on diet diversity.Empowerment of women crucial for improving nutritional status.
India took early action to limit the spread of COVID-19, ordering a 21-day nationwide lockdown for its population of 1.3 billion people starting March 25. Subsequently the lockdown was extended three more times before May 31. The unlocking of India began June 1, except in containment zones. The novel coronavirus has spread widely in India and the number of reported infections is 217,000, with relatively few deaths, at 6,075, as of June 4. However, as COVID-19 cases are increasing fast, there is great concern about the disease's potential spread and impact. India has to be ready for a possible surge. The government views the pattern of the spread of COVID-19 as similar to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, meaning the spread is unlikely to be uniform. It is concentrated in a few big cities and states and its spread is less in rural areas and smaller towns and cities.
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The Post-2015 Development Agenda provides an opportunity to focus on employment. Productive employment is also crucial for the success of the MDGs. This article first discusses the impact of the MDG approach in India. It then examines the state of employment and growth in India, before considering how Indian policymakers are looking at employment and growth in the context of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Analysis of employment and growth in India shows that the elasticity of employment with respect to GDP has been declining since the early 1980s. Most new employment is generated in the form of informal work in both the organised and unorganised sectors. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan objectives match global thinking on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. A fresh perspective regarding employment and growth in India relates to shifting focus from quantity to quality and skill development. This is also important for taking advantage of the demographic dividend in India.
This paper undertakes part of the assessment of the sustainable energy security (SES) for India. SES goes beyond 'energy supply' and is a function of the aggregate energy system of a country, including the 'energy demand' and 'conversion and distribution sub-system'. The supply subsystem which consists of eight primary energy sources viz. coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, hydro, solar, wind and nuclear has been evaluated for four dimensions of SES, viz., availability, affordability, efficiency and (environmental) acceptability using 16 selected metrics. The dimensional indices are calculated for domestic and imported energy sources separately for the years 2002, 2007 and 2012. Results reveal that the SES index for oil has increased by 10% but it has decreased by 6% for gas from 2002 to 2012, while changes for other energy sources are marginal. The overall supply subsystem SES index is approximately 0.75(against an ideal value of 1.0) which reveal the shortfall from the desired value. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the SES index is relatively robust to variation in weights. The assessment provides a comprehensive way to track the performance of the energy supply subsystem and can be used to design policy interventions for improving the overall SES index for India.
Aspects of entomophagy and entomotherapy of ethnic people in Bangladesh are documented as this practice is believed to ensure future food security. A comprehensive survey was conducted involving six insect-consuming ethnic groups: Garo, Chakma, Tanchangya, Marma, Mro, and Tripura. A total of 36 insect species of 19 families and 7 orders were consumed by them. In terms of species, those of the Coleoptera ranked highest (14), followed by Hymenoptera (7), Orthoptera (5), Hemiptera (5) and Blattodea (3 species); one species each belonged to Ephemeroptera and Odonata. The field cricket (Brachytrupes sp.), short-horned grasshopper (Oxya sp.) and giant water bug (Lethocerus indicus) were most preferred, reaching respective acceptance levels of 84, 83, and 79% by the respondents of all ethnic groups taken together. The total number of species used as human food by the Chakma, Marma, Mro, Tanchangya, Tripura, and Garo was 32, 22, 29, 21, 26, and 14, respectively. Nine species were used to treat coughs, fevers, nocturnal emissions, burning and gastroenteritis. People gathered the insects mainly from the insects’ natural habitat and consumed them as snacks or part of a meal. The availability of edible insects depended on the season. Despite consumer demand, insect consumption is decreasing, apparently due to the unavailability of insects because of the random application of pesticides and fertilisers. The top three entomophagy constraints include lack of knowledge to farm insects, to harvest them, and to effectively store and preserve them. By overcoming these constraints, practices of entomophagy might play additional role in increasing future food security in Bangladesh through developing edible insect industry.
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