A study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of Bovine tuberculosis at 135 commercial dairy farms of five upazilas of Sirajganj district of Bangladesh during the period from January 2012 to December 2013. During two years study period a total of 270 blood samples were tested by Antigen® Rapid Bovine TB Ab test kit. The overall prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was recorded as 7.78%. Distribution on the basis of age, sex and breed revealed the significant relationship among the infection, breed, sex and age in the population. The prevalence was relatively high in older cattle (10.23%) and the highest prevalence was observed in the female (9.09%). The prevalence of tuberculosis infection was considerably high in most of large herds. It was evident from the study that cattle were infected with organism and caused a serious economic loss.

A study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of protozoan diseases of 272 sick pet dogs submitted to the District Veterinary Hospital (DVH), Sirajganj during the two years period from January, 2009 to December, 2010. A total 7 types of protozoan diseases were identified in only 61 dogs and their variation in prevalence were analyzed on the basis of age and sex. The overall prevalence of protozoan diseases of pet dogs in the study area was observed 22.42%.The highest prevalence (%) of the diseases was found as Giardiasis (42.62%) followed by Amoebiasis (26.23%), Coccidiosis (14.75%), Balantidiasis (9.84%), Toxoplasmosis (3.28%), Babesiosis (1.64%) and Leishmaniasis (1.64%). Age-wise highest cumulative prevalence (%) of protozoan diseases was identified in age group above 1 year (54.10%), compare to that in less than or equal to 1 year (45.90%) age groups of pet dogs. On the other hand, sex-wise overall cumulative prevalence (%) of the diseases of dog was noticed in the female (55.74%) than male (44.26%). Results of this study revealed that the protozoan disease problems of dogs may be high in Sirajganj district and it also showed that people of this district does not follow scientific method of dogs rearing.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21290 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 191-196

The study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of coccidiosis in Sonali birds in Sirajgonj district of Bangladesh during the year 2015-2016. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history, clinical and post mortem findings. A total of 660 samples (sick and dead birds) were examined where 234 (35.45%) samples were found positive for coccidiosis. The highest prevalence percentage was found in July (53.33%) and the lowest percentage was found in January (16.67%). Birds aged 5 to 6 weeks showed more prevalence percentage (47.50 %), whereas older birds (> 16 weeks) found less susceptible (10%) to coccidiosis. Coccidiosis was slightly more prevalent in female (37.70%) than male (32.22%).

A study was carried out on 135 commercial dairy farms of five upazillas of Sirajgonj district to know the prevalence of Brucella abortus antibody in herds during the period from January 2012 to December 2013. A total of 270 blood samples were tested by Anigen® Rapid Brucella Ab test kit. The overall prevalence of bovine brucellosis was recorded as 8.51%. Distribution on the basis of breed, age, sex and pregnancy revealed the significant relationship among the infection, breed, sex, age and pregnancy in the population. The prevalence was relatively high in older cattle (9.09%) and the highest prevalence was 9.34% in the pregnant female. The prevalence of Brucella abortus antibody was considerably high in most of the large herds. Further study is needed to know the species and biovar of Brucella circulating in the study area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19127 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (2): 127-130

A study was carried out on indigenous layer chickens to know occurrence of Avian Pasteurellosis (AP) and Newcastle disease (ND) in Sirajgonj during the period from January/2012 to December/2013. The clinical signs showed before death was recorded by taking history and the birds were subjected to post mortem examination. In addition to the clinical and necropsy findings, ND was detected by Anigen® rapid antigen detection kit. The AP was confirmed by isolation and identification of Pasteurella (P.) multocida from liver, spleen and heart samples. The P. multocida was found to grow on nutrient broth, nutrient agar, blood agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar where it produced whitish, opaque, round, flat, translucent colonies. It produced turbidity on nutrient broth. The organism was not found to grow on MacConkey agar media and did not cause hemolysis on blood agar media. The impression smear of liver and heart blood were stained by Gram's staining, Leishman staining and Methylene blue staining techniques to detect P. multocida. P. multocida organism was also found to fermnt dextrose, lactose and mannitol with the production of only acid but did not ferment maltose and lactose. P. mutocida was found non-motile, indole positive and urease negative. On triple sugar iron test it produced H2S and fermented only glucose. It was found negative to both methyl red test and Voges Proskauer test. Out of 360 birds tested 59.72% (215) was AP positive and 40.28% was ND positive. Age, Sex, season and mortality due to other diseases were not considered.

Waterfowl are the natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses and ducks may play a role in the maintenance of avian influenza type A. The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence and detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) type A in duck. This study was carried out during July 2013 to December 2013 on AIV type A from semi-scavenging farm at Nikli and Bajitpur upazila of Kishoregonj district in Bangladesh. A total of 368 blood samples were collected from duck and tested by indirect ELISA for seroprevalence. For detection of AIV type A, The cloacal swabs were collected from 75 duck and subjected to RNA extraction and real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) with specific primer and probe for detection of matrix (M) gene. The average seroprevalance of AIV type A in seven different age groups was found to be 90.21%. The highest (25.81 %) seroprevalence was found in 5 months age of birds and the lowest (2.44 %) was found in 12 months age of birds. As regard to area distribution, the average degree of seroprevalence was 93.51% from Nikli had the highest order than Bajitpur (86.88%) upazila of Bangladesh. In case of cloacal sample by using rRT-PCR, out of 15 pooling cloacal samples, two pooling samples (13.33%) that contain 10 samples were positive and 13 pooling samples showed negative (86.67%) for AIV type A in duck. It can be concluded that the long distance movement of duck flocks, may influence outbreak of avian influenza virus (AIV) type A among different poultry species in Bangladesh. Therefore, it needs to develop control strategy for future dissemination of AIV in duck population.

The study was performed with a view to collect epidemiological data to proper control of duck salmonellosis in Bangladesh. A total of 12 small to medium sized duck farms and 28 individual households were visited for data collection. On the basis of history and clinical signs and as per the information provided by the farmers the prevalence rate of duck salmonellosis was recorded as 38.1% and the P value was calculated as 0.003 (p<0.01) which was noted as highly significant. Based on tentative occurrences of duck salmonellosis as per information taken from the structured questionnaire a total of 120 fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy and diseased ducks on the basis of age, sex, season, location and health status. The isolated bacteria were identified by studying cultural properties on different selective media, biochemical tests, and finally by PCR. The test results of cultural and biochemical exhibited the typical characteristics of bacteria. On the basis of their cultural and biochemical characteristics it was found that among 120 fecal samples 32 (26.67%) were found to be positive for Salmonella and the P value was recorded as 0.0019 (p<0.01) which was also considered as highly significant. In motility test duck Salmonella were identified as motile and all tested duck Salmonella showed indole and VP test negative with MR test positive. In PCR reaction, the organism was further confirmed as Salmonella species using the SAL-G primer.Results of antibiotic susceptibility test shows that the selected isolated Salmonella were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, intermediate sensitive to tobramycin and gentamicin and resistant to oxacillin.

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