In this experiment, three types of fabric such as jute, E-glass and carbon Kevlar were selected to manufacture composites taking polypropylene (PP) as matrix material. The objective of this study is to compare the examined properties such as tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break percentage (EB %), E-Modulus (EM) of jute, E-glass and carbon Kevlar fabric reinforced polypropylene composite. The properties of manufactured composite were evaluated experimentally using computerized UTM machine according to ASTM standards. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the surface groups of the composites. Water absorption and fire retardant behavior of the composites were also performed. The results revealed that the tensile strength, E-Modulus and water absorption of carbon Kevlar composite were exhibited higher than the jute and E-glass fabric reinforced composites. Different scenario has observed for elongation percentage at break. The capacity of fire retardant was noticed higher in jute fabric composite than E-glass and carbon Kevlar.
A progression of Polyaniline (PANI) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by an in-situ polymerization strategy within the sight of TiO2 NPs. The subsequent nanocomposites were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) taken for the prepared samples. PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by various compound materials (with H2SO4 0.3 M and without it, to compare the outcome of it) by the compound oxidation technique using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant within the sight of ultrafine grade powder of TiO2 cooled in an ice bath. Nanocomposites were prepared by the addition of TiO2 with two weight ratios (0.3 and 0.5 wt. %) during the polymerization of PANI. The outcomes showed good collaboration between PANI and TiO2. FTIR spectral shows a shift to higher wave numbers in the peaks of PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites, due to the Coulomb force that resulted from the interaction between the TiO2 nanoparticles with PANI. SEM results show that the TiO2 nanoparticles enwrap the polyaniline and agglomeration of uneven distribution of TiO2 particles can be seen in the PANI matrix. The intensity of the peak in the EDX analyses was found to appear by adding the nanoparticles. XRD pattern of PANI polymerization and PANITNCs shows that the TiO2 NPs and PANI affected the crystallization performance of nanocomposites, it was identified that the TiO2 NPs form a relatively irregular distribution in the PANI chain.
Land management has gained the utmost importance in the development arena worldwide in recent years. Land-related targets and indicators were incorporated in 5 goals, 8 targets, and 12 indicators of SDG. Different studies have identified the conventional land management system as a reason for inefficient land management in Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh has taken some initiatives to digitise the land management system. Since 2018, the Land Administration has launched an E-mutation system to update land records. The objective of this research is to investigate the impacts of E-mutation on the service recipients and their perception about it. The research covers 03 circles in Savar Upazila, Union Land Offices, and their service recipients. The target respondents of the study are mutation applicants, Assistant Commissioner (Land), and Union Land Assistant Officers. Both quantitative and qualitative data are used to validate the results of this research. The study reveals that the impact of E mutation on the service recipients is positive, being pleased with the E-mutation system; as it reduces time, cost, and visit (TCV). In addition, it reduces the nuisance by brokers and ensures better service quality. However, nearly four- fifths of the service recipients are dependent to apply for E-mutation due to a lack of knowledge of land-related documents and poor ICT skills. This paper would aid the policymakers to devise further strategies for efficient land management in Bangladesh.
Polyaniline (PANI) polymer was successfully prepared by the chemical oxidation method at 0 oC. Polyaniline-nano grapheme (GN) powder nanocomposites were prepared by the addition of GN with different weight ratios (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 g wt. %) during the polymerization of PANI. It was found that the polymerization reaction of poly-aniline was exothermic. The effect of adding nano-graphene powder during polymerization process on the time and temperature of the reaction was studied. The resulting polymer was diagnosed using several methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results of FTIR demonstrated a shift to higher wave numbers in the peaks of nanocomposites, due to PANI peaks, in addition to the matching between the groups of active sites of the polymer with its chemical composition. The results of the optical properties showed a decrease in the energy gap of the nanocomposite compared with that of the pure PANI sample. The morphology of the samples was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The increase in the concentration of GN led to a change in the surface morphology of the composites. The results predict that the PANI/GN nano-composites can be used in many applications, such as those of sensors.
Encouraging participation through local governments has been questionable and democratic spirit with direct participation of common people has always been poorly valued. The Union Parishads, in spite of having constitutional provision, could not come out as self governing units and left under the command of national government. The objectives of this study was to assess how participation makes LGSP effective in improving ICT literacy in rural areas of Bangladesh and to identify how LGSP plays pivotal role to build capacity of students and unemployed people of the study area. Both qualitative and quantitative methods and standardized statistical application SPSS were used in the study. The study was based on empirical data from eight (08) Unions of Kishoreganj Upazila of Nilphamari District. The study reveals that the projects under LGSP are usually taken after consultation with the rural people through Ward Meeting .However, the number of ICT related projects were very low ; only 2 to 3 projects were taken by each of the union council in a fiscal year. Most of the projects under LGSP were on construction of road and culverts, installing tube-well, developing rural drainage and renovation of sewerage system because the elected representatives are interested on such types of small projects. On the other hand, the role of LGSP in building capacity of the unemployed youths and students was found to be very noteworthy as they received different digital services and skill oriented training ranging from online job application, photocopying, printing, registration and other e- services ; creating a new job opportunities and self run businesses. Therefore, this study recommended to take more ICT and other skill oriented projects and to increase budget for advanced level ICT training for rural youths; which may contribute to developing freelancing and entrepreneurship amongst them .This study will create value to the research arena and the implementing agencies will think out of the box while giving effort on capacity development through LGSP.
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