Rice production depends on both producers' and consumers' preference. The consumption of rice depends on consumers' taste and habits. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate mathematical models for producers', consumers' and producers-cum-consumers' preference to rice varieties and to evaluate the factors affecting both producers' and producer-cum-consumers' decision on varieties for rice cultivation and can provide an indication of the factors affecting consumers' preferences to rice varieties in Dhaka, Gazipur, Dinajpur and Bhola districts of Bangladesh. Chi-square ( 2 ) tests were used to explore the significant difference of preferring rice varieties among the groups of people and compared the results with the proposed models for validation. Producers and producers-cum-consumers preferred BR11, BR22 and BRRI dhan32 in T. Aman; BR16, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 in Boro and BR9, BR16 and BR20 in Aus seasons respectively. The specific grain quality characteristics such as whiteness, brokens, shape, amylose (%), aroma, cooking quality, hardness and chalkiness influenced the consumers and producers preference. Furthermore, pure consumers also preferred rice varieties on the basis of its tastiness and fineness.
A study was conducted to assess the sanitary quality of ice cream manufactured by five different plants namely Milk vita, Igloo, Polar, Savoy and Kwality sold in retail stores in Mymensingh Town, Bangladesh. The result revealed the average total viable counts which were 3267 CFU/ml (log 3.5) in Milk vita, 3500 CFU/ml (log 3.5) in Igloo, 13833 CFU/ml (log 4.1) in Polar, 16500 CFU/ml (log 4.2) in Savoy and 20916 CFU/ml (log 4.3) in Kwality ice cream samples. It was found that the highest extent of microbial contamination and proliferation of viable bacteria occurred in Kwality ice cream. The average coliform counts obtained from the study was in milk vita 0.33 CFU/ml (log-0.5) and igloo 0.0 CFU/ml (log 0.0), Polar16500 CFU/ml (log 4.2), Savoy 16500 CFU/ml (log 4.2), Kwality 20916 CFU/ml (log 4.3) and the presence of numbers of coliforms in Polar, Savoy and Kwality ice creams samples were fairly high (10/ml) indicated the poor hygienic practices during manufacture, post process contamination and unsatisfactory transportation. Statistically the coliforms were found more closely related to total viable counts than the staphylococcal counts. The average staphylococcal counts as revealed in the samples of Milk vita, Igloo, Polar, Savoy and Kwality were 0.5 CFU/ml (log-0.3), 0.0 CFU/ml (log 0.0), 4.33 CFU/ml (log 0.6), 8.8 CFU/ml (log 0.9) and 4.4 CFU/ml (log 0.6) respectively may present cause for alarm which could be associated with potential food poisoning hazards. The results demonstrated that Igloo and Milk vita ice creams are of the superior quality product in respect of sanitary condition.
Background: Candida albicans is the most isolated fungal agent in a worldwide health system. Species distribution of Candida infection is different according to geographical regions. However, a shift in favor of non-albicans Candida species with antifungals resistance have increased as an important cause of candidemia. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the species of yeasts isolated from the blood samples of patients at the university hospital and to determine in vitro susceptibilities of three most common isolates against nine antifungal agents. Materials and methods:In total, 130 yeast isolates from 130 patients were defined the species using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out using broth dilution Sensititre YeastOne panels included amphotericin B, 5-fucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin. Results: The most common species in all age groups was C. tropicalis (n=48, 36.9%), followed by C. albicans (n=38, 29.2%). C. glabrata (n=23, 17.7%) was more common among elderly patients, while C. parapsilosis (n=9, 6.9%) was more frequently isolated from younger patients. Antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida species expressed MIC in the low level of almost antifungal drug except for reduced fluconazole susceptibility against C. glabrata and C. tropicalis isolates. Conclusion: C. tropicalis is the most common infection in candidemic patients. Fluconazole resistance strains were found in C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, respectively. In addition, voriconazole resistance strains were found in C. tropicalis.
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