Demodicosis in domestic animals occupies a leading place among dermatological diseases. It has considerable epizootological and social significance. Peculiarities of the manifestation of demodicosis in dogs and cats were studied in the city of Kharkiv during 2017–2021. Doberman Pinscher, mestizo, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Staffordshire Terrier, and outbred animals were the most commonly affected by demodicosis, accounting for 61.6% of the total number of patients. The lowest number of animals with demodicosis was registered in such breeds as Dalmatian, Great Dane, Caucasian Shepherd, Collie, Labrador, Husky, Pekingese, and Chow Chow with a total number of 4.6%. Demodicosis is most common in Persian white, European tiger, and Siamese colour point cats, accounting for 57.3%. Norwegian forest, Russian blue, and Oriental shorthair cats are rarely affected by demodicosis, accounting for 13.5% of all animals. Demodicosis most often affects animals aged from 2 months to 3 years in winter, and in summer and autumn, the incidence is lowest. Peculiarities of sexual predisposition of animals to demodicosis infection have not been established. The microbes affecting the skin of animals are transmitted by mites Demodex spp. and are represented by Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Candida spp., Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillum spp., Malassezia spp., Microsporum canis. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. occupy the largest percentage of the total number of isolated microorganisms – 74.7%, and Micrococcus spp. occupy the lowest percentage of isolated microorganisms (6.2%). Staphylococcal susceptibility to nine tetracycline drugs has shown a high level of resistance. The most effective antimicrobial agent for isolated cultures of staphylococci is amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid (89.7%) and vancomycin (100.0%). The objective of further research is to develop effective schemes for the prevention and treatment of pets with demodicosis.
The use of disinfectants of some groups for a long time can lead to the formation of resistance of microorganisms. The quality of the measures depends on same factors, the main of which is the disinfectant. A promising direction is the use of new complex disinfectants with synergistic action. These disinfectants must be environmentall friendly. The purpose of using such drugs is to expand the range of antimicrobial activity and the ability to prevent the emergence of resistant microorganisms. The effects of these programs are increased through the introduction of a monitoring system and methods to control the sensitivity of pathogens to disinfectants used. The article presents the results of experimental research bactericidal activity of working solutions of detergent-disinfectant «Sandez» against isolates of microorganisms S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, at exposure of 2, 5, 10 minutes. The results of a study on the comparative effectiveness of bactericidal activity of the most common detergents and disinfectants, relative to previously isolated bacterial pathogens from the working surfaces of duckweed (S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa) are presented. Also in the comparative aspect are the results of studies of bactericidal activity of detergents and disinfectants of both domestic and foreign production, which are widely used for wet and aerosol disinfection of poultry: «Viroshield», KILCO, Great Britain; «Virocid», CID LINES, NV / SA (Belgium); «Spectragen» SYNTHESIS ELEVAGE, France; «Vircon C» (Antec International), United Kingdom; «Sandez», Ukraine; «Biocontact», PE «Kronos Agro», Ukraine. The results of the study of the sanitary condition of poultry houses before and after disinfection in the presence of pathogenic microflora (S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa). Disinfection of poultry houses by «Sandez» provides bactericidal action on pathogenic microorganisms, and its efficiency is higher by 10.0% in comparison with control and makes 96%.
In modern poultry farming, the problem of controlling microbiological contamination of poultry housing is essential and relevant. High levels of microbiological air pollution and abundant contamination of poultry production surfaces can be powerful and dangerous risk factors for the spread of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora. The health of poultry and its performance depends on the health and welfare of poultry houses іndustrial zone. Sanitary condition is an integral part of the overall operation of the process poultry farms. In the practice of industrial poultry entered, the term “biological fatigue”. We assessed the sanitary-bacteriological condition of poultry houses by the indicators of the total number of microorganisms in the air and by the isolation of pathogenic microorganisms. We determined the rates of bacterial contamination of surfaces and the air of poultry houses during the technological break-rearing broiler. The objects of the study were bacterial contamination of air and object poultry houses. Scientific research has been conducted on the technological break and release of objects from poultry. According to our study, we established high levels of microbiological air pollution in poultry houses on the 14th, 28-th, and 42-th day of broiler breeding. The total microbial count air of poultry houses does not meet sanitary standards. On the 14-th, 28-th and 42-th day, breeding broilers for meat in the poultry house bacterial contamination were 184.33 ± 43.52 thousand CFU/m3; 376.25 ± 84.84 thousand CFU/m3 and 786.68 ± 214.91 thousand CFU/m3. The article presents research results on poultry houses' sanitary and bacteriological indicators of leaching. We have established a high level of contamination of production surfaces. The isolates were: E. coli – (39.3 %), Salmonella spp., and Campylobecter spp. – (14.5 %), Streptococcus spp., S. aureus – 23.6 % Proteus ssp., Enterobacter ssp. – 22.6 %. The qualitative and quantitative composition of isolated microflora from poultry farms indicates significant risks of reducing the natural non-specific protective forces of the bird, the emergence of infectious diseases, and reduced productivity of birds. Thus, the sanitary condition of poultry houses is one of the main criteria for stable epizootic well-being in poultry and a guarantee of effective agribusiness.
У статті наведені результати аналізу сучасного ринку дезінфікуючих засобів за активно діючими речовинами. На основі даних державного реєстру ветеринарних препаратів, кормових добавок, готових кормів та преміксів щодо зареєстрованих дезінфікуючих засобів та їх рецептур встановлено, що кількість препаратів для дезінфекції і санації об’єктів ветеринарно-санітарного нагляду понад 200 найменувань, в тому числі вітчизняного і зарубіжного виробництва. Найбільша частка засобів представлена пінними і безпінними лужними засобами – 31,43 %, пінні і безпінні кислотні засоби – 22,86 %, дезінфектанти на основі четвертинних амонійних сполук (ЧАС) – 15,71 %, спиртові – 6,19 %, кисневмісні дезінфектанти – 5,24 %, гуанідинові – 4,76 %, засоби на основі альдегідів – 4,76 %, хлорвмісні засоби – 4,29 %. Асортимент засобів дезінфекції на вітчизняному ринку має тенденцію до збільшення.
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