were prepared and characterized with respect to surface area, CO chemisorption, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO 2 , and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) of H 2 . The effects of basic additives on Pt/Al 2 O 3 for carbon monoxide and propylene oxidation were investigated. The reactions were performed under the stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient conditions. The addition of basic additives slightly decreases the surface area of the catalyst and does not significantly change Pt dispersion. The addition of basic additives also influences the reducibility of Pt/ Al 2 O 3 . The basicity of the catalyst is in the order Pt-K . The promoted Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts are much more active than the unpromoted one for CO and C 3 H 6 oxidation under the stoichiometric point. Under oxygen-deficient conditions and in the absence of water, C 3 H 6 conversions on all catalysts studied herein increase with increasing reaction temperature. Nevertheless, this phenomenon contrasts with CO conversion once oxygen is completely reacted. Pt/Al 2 O 3 exhibits the highest C 3 H 6 conversion and the lowest CO conversion among these catalysts, and the addition of CeO 2 , Na 2 O, and K 2 O on Pt/Al 2 O 3 can promote the CO conversion. Under oxygen-deficient conditions and in the presence of water, the water-gas shift and steam re-forming reactions can take place and result in increases of CO and C 3 H 6 conversions. Pt/Al 2 O 3 is the most active catalyst for the steam re-forming reaction and the lowest active catalyst for the water-gas shift reaction among these catalysts. Nevertheless, the addition of basic additives on Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalyst can significantly enhance the water-gas shift reaction that can reduce CO emission. The promotional effect is in the order K 2 O > Na 2 O > CeO 2 , that is the same order as the basicity of the promoted catalysts. Additionally, K 2 O could be a promising additive to a catalytic converter of a two-stroke motorcycle since it can significantly enhance CO conversion. IE960414U X Abstract published in Advance ACS Abstracts, February 15, 1997.

A predictive kinetic model has been developed for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The kinetic scheme involves lumped species consisting of paraffins, naphthenes, aromatic rings, and aromatic substituent groups in light and heavy fuel oil fractions. The kinetic model also incorporates the effect of nitrogen poisoning, aromatic ring adsorption, and time dependent catalyst decay. The rate constants for these lumped species are invariant with respect to charge stock composition. The predictive capabilities of the model have been verified for wide ranges of charge stocks and process conditions.In this work, a wide variety of charge stocks were cracked in a fluidized dense-bed reactor. Detailed analysis of the molecular compositions of the charge stocks and products provided the necessary data to develop a predictive kinetic model. Rate constants and activation energies were calculated for lumped species including paraffins, naphthenes, aromatic rings, and aromatic substituent groups. The reliability of the kinetic predictions for various charge stocks over a wide range of process conditions has been shown. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCEThe reaction kinetics of catalytic cracking is presented, based on a reaction scheme that includes paraffins, naphthenes, aromatic rings, and aromatic substituent groups in light and heavy fuel oil fractions. The kinetic model also accounts for nitrogen poisoning, aromatic adsorption, and time dependent catalyst decay. The conversion of Gross.Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Benjamin these lumped species to gasoline, light products, coke, heavy fuel oil, and light fuel oil can be readily calculated by these kinetics. In addition, the detailed composition of the heavy and light fuel oil fractions can be tracked, increasing the utility of the model for predicting recycle behavior and physical properties of the products. The invariant kinetic parameters (rate constants and activation energies) allow the conversion and product selectiv-dimensions and operating conditions for maximum thermal efficiency and/or McGill University minimum operating cost. Application of these basic principles is illustrated Montreal, Quebec by the design of an industrial size, spray drying chamber for a specific feed solution and production rate. SCOPEThe growing importance of spray drying is abundantly evident from the ever increasing number of industrial applications in the production of pharmaceuticals, detergents, food products, pigments, ceramics, and a large number of organic and inorganic chemical compounds. In sylvania.

Process studies on the conversion of methanol to high quality gasoline are described. Exploratory process variable studies were carried out in single-pass fixed bed reactors. Process design and catalyst aging studies were conducted using a two-stage fixed bed reactor system with light gas recycle to the second reactor. The thermochemistry of the reaction is discussed.

The conversion of methanol to high octane gasoline was studied in a fluid bed reactor. Some effects of temperature, pressure, and space velocity on methanol conversion and product yields were determined. Catalyst deactivation due to coke formation and steaming were investigated during a kinetic aging test. The activity loss from coking can be regained by oxidative regeneration. Coupling the methanol conversion process with the commercially proven technology for the production of methanol from coal provides an alternate route for the conversion of coal to high octane gasoline.

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