Soil nitrate and mineralizable nitrogen are used to predict the root yield potential and N fertilizer needs of sugarbeets. Predicting the required N fertilizer for optimum refined sucrose production based on soil test procedures is needed because inadequate N limits root yield and high levels of N may reduce both extractable sucrose and sucrose yield.Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) were grown at 14 residual and fertilizer N rates to determine the root yield, sucrose percentage, sucrose yield, and N uptake in relation to the residual, mineralizable, and fertilizer N. A soil test to measure both the mineralizable and NC1,-N level of a soil was found to serve as a valuable guide in recommending N fertilizer for sugarbeets. The amount of N supplied from mineralizable sources in a uniformly cropped and fertilized field is expected to remain reasonably constant if adequate but not excess N fertilizer is supplied each year to the crop grown. Therefore, repeating the test for mineralizable N each year may not be necessary. Determining the amount of N0,-N in the root zone, which is now feasible with rapid and accurate methods of soil analysis, combined with the predetermined mineralizable N, would increase the accuracy of N fertilizer recommendations.
Successfully evaluating the nutritional status of a crop during growth and development is dependent upon sampling an identifiable plant part.Consistently sampling a petiole of the same maturity in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is difficult. We evaluated the nutrient relationships between the upper-stem and the fourth petiole from Russet Burbank plants in field studies having N, P, K, Zn or Mn variables. The upper-stem was obtained by excising the stem below the sixth leaf and removing all leaves and the terminal meristem. Petole NO 3-N, P, K, Zn and Mn concentrations were from deficient to sufficient. The NO 3-N, P and K concentrations were similar in the fourth petiole and upper-stem, while the Zn concentration was 40% higher in the upper-stem. Calcium, Mg and Mn concentrations were lower in the upper-stem than in the fourth petiole. Copper and S relationships were not adequately defined. The fourth petiole's NO 3-N, P and K diagnostic concentrations now used to monitor plant nutrient status can also be used for upper-stem samples. Zinc diagnostic concentrations should be increased, while Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations should be adjusted downward in the upper-tem. Additional data are needed to refine the Ca and Mg relationships, and to establish relationships for Cu, S and other essential nutrients. A significant advantage of using the upper-stem is the elimination of the petiole selection problem when sampling. CompendioLa evaluaciOn exitosa de las condiciones de nutriciOn de un cultivo durante su crecimiento y desarrollo depende en tomar la parte correcta de la planta. El muestreo permanente de un peciolo con igual estado de madurez en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.), es dificil. Se evaluaron las relaciones entre la parte superior del tallo y el cuarto peciolo de plantas Russet Burbank en estudios de campo que tenian aplicaciones variables de N, P, K, Zn o Mn. La parte superior del tallo fue obtenida seccionando al mismo por debajo de la sexta hoja y eliminando todas las hojas y el meristema terminal. Las concentraciones de NO 3-N, P, K, Zn y Mn estuvieron entre deficientes y suficientes. Las concentraciones del NO3-N, del P y del K fueron similares en el cuarto peciolo y en la parte superior del tallo, mientras que la concentraciOn del Zn fue 40% mds alta en la parte superior del tallo. Las concentraciones de Ca, Mg y Mn fueron menores en la parte superior del tallo que en el cuarto peciolo. Las relaciones entre el Cu y el S no fueron definidas adecuadamente. Las concentraciones de diagnOstico de NO B-N, P y K en el cuarto peciolo utilizadas ahora para el seguimiento del estado de nutricinn de las plantas, puede tambien utilizarse para las muestras de la parte superior del tallo. Las concentraciones de diagnOstico del Zn deben ser incrementadas, mientras que las de Ca, Mg y Mn deben rebajarse en la parte superior del tallo. Se requiere de informaciOn adicional para refinar las relaciones del Ca y del Mg y para establecer las relaciones para el Cu, S y otros nutrientes esenciales. Una venta...
This study was conducted to determine the effect of N fertilizer and irrigation management on potato (Sotanum tuberosum L,) tuber N0,-N levels and the relationship to the potential health hazard created by high nitrate levels in food products.Russet Burbank' potatoes grown using different N fertilizer rates, methods of application, and irrigation levels were analyzed for N0,-N concentration. The NO,-N concentration in the tubers on a wet weight basis varied from 36 to 131, 34 to 75, and 25 to 50 ppm in the 3 years of this study. The NO,-N concentration for each year of study was found to be directly related to the level of applied N fertilizer. The initial concentration and increase in N0,•N due to N fertilizer varied with the season. The addition of manure did not increase the N0,-N level above those to be expected from similar quantities of inorganic sources of N. Phosphorus fertilizer did not increase the N0,-N level. The N0,-N concentration in the tubers where more water was applied at each irrigation was less than on the lower level of applied water at each N rate. These data indicate that greater NO,-N levels in the tubers will result by increasing N fertilization rates. The levels of N0,•N obtained in this study were not expected to contribute substantially to the methemoglobinemia health hazard. There is considerable concern that use of these high nitrate containing vegetables could cause methemoglobinemia, especially in infants. Although nitrites are the toxic principle which may be formed prior to ingestion or during digestion and absorption of food, nitrates may be considered as the index or precursor to the amount of nitrite which may be formed. If foods contain high levels of nitrate, the potential hazard may be increased if conditions during storage or processing are conducive to conversion to nitrite (11). In spite of the appreciable nitrate content of some vegetables such as beets and spinach, no authenticated cases are known for nitrate poisoning of human adults. However, several cases of methemoglobinemia and one death have been reported recently when children, aged 2 to 10 months, were fed spinach purchased as a fresh vegetable and held under questionable storage conditions (1).In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the use of nitrogeh fertilizer to achieve maximum potato production. Also, an increasingly common practice is to add N to the irrigation water 1 Contribution from the Western Region, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station cooperating. Received Aug. 13, 1973. 'Soil Scientist and Physcial Science Technician, respectively, Snake River Conservation Research Center, Rimberly, ID 83341.Mention of trade names or companies is for the benefit of the reader and does not imply endorsement by the USDA. throughout the season, The abundance and low cost of N fertilizer has encouraged the use of high fertilization rates in attempts to obtain maximum tuber yields. No reported cases could be found in the literature where high nitrate level...
Nitrate-nitrogen in sugarbeet petioles is used to evaluate current N status of sugarbeet crops. Since the NO,-N changes rapidly during the season, better relationships are needed to interpret these data relative to sugarbeet N nutrition.Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris, L.) were grown at four N fertilization rates and two irrigation levels to determine the root yield, sucrose percentage, sucrose yield, and N uptake in relation to the NO,-N concentration in the petioles. NO,-N in beet petioles increased to a peak concentration and then decreased exponentially during the two growing seasons on all treatments. The exponential decrease after the peak enables prediction of the NO,-N in the petioles during the remainder of the growing season. This rate of change approach can be used to predict N needs when adding supplemental N for sugarbeets and to characterize the N status of soil-crop systems.Additional index words: Petiole analysis, Nitrogen uptake.
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