Modification of woolen fabrics was done by the grafting of low-molecular-weight deacetylated chitosan in the presence of citric acid as a crosslinking agent with the pad-dry cure method at different conditions (times and temperatures). The add-on of chitosan and the optimum conditions were determined. The improved properties of modified wool by chitosan were evaluated with the urea bisulfite solubility test, crease recovery angle, yellowness index, and scanning electron microscopy. The dyeing properties of modified wool fabrics were studied with acid and reactive dyes. The biocidal activities of the modified and unmodified wool samples were evaluated and compared against some species of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli (Gram negative), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus.
Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) is considered to be one of the important vinyl monomers. The ability of polyhydroxyethyl-methacylate (PHEMA) graft sites to consecutive chemical modification makes the use of nylon-6 fibers grafted with PHEMA a feasible bed for immobilization of a wide range of biologically active reagents, specially enzymes, drugs, cells, and immunadsorbents. Stemming from the above discussions, in this article, the graft copolymerization of HEMA onto modified nylon-6 fibers containing Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) in the presence of Cu 2þ -K 2 S 2 O 8 as a redox initiating system was carried out, with very high rate and almost without homopolymer formation. The factors affecting the grafting reaction (monomer, K 2 S 2 O 8 and cupric ion concentrations, the amount of PDADMAC as well as the reaction temperature) were studied. Kinetic investigation revealed that the rate of grafting (R p ) of HEMA onto modified nylon-6 fibers is proportional to [HEMA] . The overall activation energy was calculated (71 KJ/mol). The fine structure, surface topography, thermal and electrical properties of parent and grafted nylon-6 fibers were investigated.
Demand for antimicrobial fabrics has grown significantly in recent years because of public awareness of the potential threat of spreading diseases and there will be an increasing role for medical textiles in the future world market. The number of applications of polymeric materials for medical purposes is growing very fast. Polymers have found applications in such diverse biomedical fields as tissue engineering, implantation of medical devices and artificial organs, prostheses, ophthalmology, dentistry, bone repair and many other medical fields. Polymer-based delivery systems enable controlled release of drugs into the body. The aim of the present review is to clarify the antimicrobial agents and their mechanism of action, test methods, and the recent developments in antimicrobial functional finishing of synthetic fibers for medical applications (commercially available bioactive fibers).
This current study proposes a novel, successful method for multi-finishing polyacrylonitrile fabric. The performance of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabric was successfully modified using functional finishing with hybrid composite (chitosan-titania NPs-organic UV absorber). PAN was activated to increase the number of reactive sites available for functional finishing. The effect of the finishing process on the fabric properties and the interaction between the activated PAN fabrics with the hybrid composite was demonstrated. Dyeing with reactive dye was done to monitor the reactive groups formed after alkali hydrolysis of PAN fabric and finishing and has been estimated as the starting point to determine the appropriate finishing bath formulation. The results revealed that the hybrid composite is a multifunctional agent in the fabrication process of bacterial and ultraviolet resistances. The maximum bacterial reduction was 95% E. coli and 92% for S. aureus and the maximum UPF value (108) and excellent protection category against UV radiation. The surface characteristics of the fabrics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The UPF and antibacterial properties show a minor decrease after five wash cycles. The reduction might be attributable to the unfixed and physically connected finishing agents.
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