A novel colorimetric assay has been presented for the detection of fluoxetine using citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (CIT-Ag NPs) as a colorimetric sensor. The detection of fluoxetine was accomplished by observing color change of CIT-Ag NPs solution from yellow to dark brown due to aggregation induced by fluoxetine. The aggregation of CIT-Ag NPs was characterized by various techniques including UV-Vis spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. A characteristic absorption peak of CIT-Ag NPs at 400 nm was red shifted and surface plasmon resonance band became broad due to addition of fluoxetine. Under optimized conditions, linear calibration curve was obtained within concentration range of 2-10 μg/ml with detection limit of 0.18 µg/ml. Furthermore, the developed colorimetric assay was found to be simple, sensitive, reproducible, and selective towards a number of pharmaceutical additives. It involved sensing of fluoxetine by naked eye within few minutes without requiring any complicated instrumentation. Colorimetric platform was applied to detect fluoxetine in pharmaceutical formulation, and biological fluids including spiked human urine and blood serum samples.

In the present study the length-weight relationship and condition factor of L.bata (Labeo bata) had been investigated and elucidated with particular reference to the growth status and condition factor in hill stream of Ranikot at District Jamshoro Sindh-Pakistan. A total of 291 individuals with their sixteen morphometric traits were analyzed for length-weight relationship, correlation and condition factor. The length-weight relationship, morphometrics and condition factor indicated positive allometric growth and high level of interdependence (0.992-0.887) between morphometric traits. The mean total length 20.7+1.21cm and mean weight 13.85+1.42gm were observed. A strong linear relationship (r=0.975) was observed between total length and weight variables (a=0.3338). The value of regression coefficient (b=2.684) suggests isometric growth in L.bata. The condition (K=0.724) and relative condition factors (kn=0.751) were observed <1.0, that indicated the environmental impact on the fish in hill stream of Ranikot. The findings suggest satisfactory growth and well-being of fish in the surrounding aquatic environment. In further, more hydrological factors might be investigated to know the real impacting factors.

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