Colorimetric detection of fluoxetine using citrate-capped silver nanoparticles

Abstract

A novel colorimetric assay has been presented for the detection of fluoxetine using citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (CIT-Ag NPs) as a colorimetric sensor. The detection of fluoxetine was accomplished by observing color change of CIT-Ag NPs solution from yellow to dark brown due to aggregation induced by fluoxetine. The aggregation of CIT-Ag NPs was characterized by various techniques including UV-Vis spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. A characteristic absorption peak of CIT-Ag NPs at 400 nm was red shifted and surface plasmon resonance band became broad due to addition of fluoxetine. Under optimized conditions, linear calibration curve was obtained within concentration range of 2-10 μg/ml with detection limit of 0.18 µg/ml. Furthermore, the developed colorimetric assay was found to be simple, sensitive, reproducible, and selective towards a number of pharmaceutical additives. It involved sensing of fluoxetine by naked eye within few minutes without requiring any complicated instrumentation. Colorimetric platform was applied to detect fluoxetine in pharmaceutical formulation, and biological fluids including spiked human urine and blood serum samples.

Biosensors for therapeutic drug monitoring: a review

“…This demonstrates the potential of colorimetric assays to monitor drug concentration in real-time at the point of care. 22…”

Clinical Applications of Visual Plasmonic Colorimetric Sensing

“…The detection of antidepressants is of special interest to manage the relationship between pharmaceutical preparation and therapeutic effects in biological fluids. In this sense, the monitoring of fluoxetine was reported with a colorimetric sensor using citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (CIT-Ag NPs) [64]. The presence of fluoxetine in the solution induced the aggregation of CIT-Ag NPs, causing a color change from yellow to dark brown with an absorption peak at 400 nm and red shifted of the surface plasmon band.…”

Anti-aggregation colorimetric sensing of cysteine using silver nanoparticles in the presence of Pb2+

“…23 Silver nanoparticles, with their higher extinction coefficient and lower cost, enable detection with minimal material consumption, resulting in a wide range of applications for colorimetric sensors based on silver nanoparticles. 24 These sensors have proven successful in detecting various analytes including metal ions, [25][26][27] glucose, [28][29][30] amino acids, 31,32 and other analytes. [33][34][35][36] When detecting heavy metal ions using a AgNPs colorimeter, organic ligands containing amino and sulydryl groups are typically used to modify the surface of the AgNPs.…”

“…23 Silver nanoparticles, with their higher extinction coefficient and lower cost, enable detection with minimal material consumption, resulting in a wide range of applications for colorimetric sensors based on silver nanoparticles. 24 These sensors have proven successful in detecting various analytes including metal ions, 25–27 glucose, 28–30 amino acids, 31,32 and other analytes. 33–36…”