Here, we report a label-free method based on acoustic impedance contrast for the isolation of CTCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a microchannel using acoustophoresis. Applying this method, we demonstrate the label-free isolation of HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells from PBMCs.
We report the dynamics of coflowing immiscible liquid streams exposed to an acoustic standing wave in a microchannel. Relocation of the liquid streams is experimentally demonstrated and a theoretical model that explains the underlying phenomena is presented. Our experiments and theoretical model suggest that the relocation phenomena are governed by the interplay between the primary acoustic radiation force Fac and the interfacial tension force Fint -which is represented in terms of a new dimensionless number called "acoustocapillary number", Caac = (Fac/Fint). Using various combinations of immiscible liquids, we show that relocation of the higher acoustic impedance liquid stream to the pressure node occurs above a critical acoustocapillary number Caac0 = 0.9. The understanding of the above phenomena provides a new paradigm related to the manipulation of immiscible liquids under acoustic field.
Now a day the usage of Self-Organizing Networks (SONs) is increasing, because of its broad application. Unlike common networks, the SONs have the capability of reconfiguration, whenever any defect occurs in the network. However, while routing in this network, the loss of data occurs due to its security lack. Hence many researchers have presented their research for providing secure routing in various SONs. However, the security is still an issue in the routing of SONs especially in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Here in this paper, a novel protocol for the secure routing of WSNs has developed. The proposed protocol is named as Trust-Distrust Protocol (TDP). As per the proposed protocol, the routing is done in four stages. The initial stage is topology management using the k-means algorithm. The second stage is Link Quality Appraisal (LQA), where the quality of every network node is evaluated. The third stage is grading, in which it is based on the LQA value and a grade point is allotted to every node in the network. In the last stage, the most secure path for the routing is determined based on the grade points. The proposed protocol is tested in one of the major kinds of SONs, like WSN using the NS2. By comparing with the existing LEACH protocol, the performance is evaluated. Ultimately the proposed protocol outperformed the performance of the existing routing protocol and suggested for rounding in SONs.
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