Patients without VF deficits or whose visual deficits are stable or improving can be managed expectantly without negative impact on outcomes. Clinical severity based on a PAS ≥ 4 appeared to influence management towards emergency surgical intervention.

Three months or more of metformin monotherapy in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes was associated with increased postprandial active glucagon-like peptide 1 levels. The effects of metformin on the enteroinsular axis may represent yet another important mechanism underlying its glucose-lowering effects.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Plasma osmolality is regulated by the interaction of the kidneys, arginine vasopressin (AVP), and thirst-the last two being stimulated by hypothalamic osmoreceptor signals. Osmoreceptor dysfunction may cause hypernatraemia, hyperviscosity and considerable morbidity, and may be associated with other endocrine dysfunction [1,2]. We report two patients with chronic hypernatraemia and osmoreceptor dysfunction.

Isolated pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon, and overt diabetes mellitus subsequent to it is rare. We report an unusual case of transient diabetes mellitus in a 46‐year‐old Asian man, nearly three months after a modified Whipple's surgical procedure for pancreatic TB. Our patient had severe hyperglycaemia initially requiring insulin treatment followed by recurrent hypoglycaemia over the next two weeks and near normalisation of blood glucose without any medication thereafter. We discuss the likely pathogenic mechanisms leading to the unusual course of diabetes mellitus in our patient. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.