The present study was carried out to assess the toxicological effect of acetamiprid, an insecticide of neonicotinoid group on clinical and serum hematobiochemical parameters of mice. The experimental animals were divided into four different groups of equal number of animals and the first group was considered as Control. It was found that acetamiprid administered @ 40 mg/kg body weight per day (1/5 th of LD% value) for a period of 28 days induces prominent toxic symptoms along with hematological and biochemical effect in mice. Acetamiprid induced mice showed decrease in body weight and clinical symptoms like respiratory depression, sitting in the corner, diarrhea, depression, dullness etc. are observed at the different dose levels. Test mice administered with acetamiprid showed significant decrease in overall hematological profile. In the present study, it was found that acetamiprid @ 10 mg/ kg body weight (1/20 th of LD50 value) did not produce significant changes in hematological and biochemical values. So, it was considered that experimental dose of 10 mg/kg to be non-toxic and 40 mg/kg body weight to be the toxic dose of acetamiprid in mice.
in I Arunava_Goswami@brown.edu [A. G.] I sujit@isical.ac.in [S.A.]New ideas in the development of the intelligent nanomaterials miniaturized at the nanometer sizes gained substantial interest because of the wide range of their technological purposes. The recognition of the ultimate limits of computation has also lead computer scientists to seek inspiration from nanobiology. Because living organisms function with nanoscale buildings blocks and exploit collective quantum effects and thermal energy. This is necessary for the survival in its "living" thermodynamic status. The hope to break the barrier of miniaturization seems to lie in the knowledge of the self-organization mechanism of living objects. Furthermore, knowledge about the mesoscopic scale might be able to explain the self-assembly and the working regime of the simplest organisms created by nature. In solid-state physics and electronics, a large variety of different non-equilibrium phenomena accompany with the spontaneous self-assembly of the spatial and the spatio-temporal patterns in the nano-size objects. First, we present a recent update of the different nanomaterials experimentally or commercially produced which have been successfully applied in complex biological systems. Finally, we give examples of our pioneering research on 'cancer' and 'agricultural biotechnology' to provide readers better vistas about the enormous growth potential of nanotechnology in coming years. We have developed an international nanosilica network to do research on cancer biology and agricultural biotechnology. Surface modified hydrophobic and lipophilic nanosilica developed by us has already attracted huge investments in different parts of the globe. We also propose a nanoparticle assisted cybernetic approach, which could be used for early cancer detection in future.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate various disease conditions prevalent in slaughtered pigs and zoonotic importance. The study was conducted on two hundred non-descript pigs slaughtered at an organized slaughter house, Mumbai. The animals included in the study were randomly selected. Post mortem examination of the animals was performed to note various disease conditions and tissues were collected for histopathology. Direct examination of stool was found negative for parasites. Gross and microscopical examination revealed presence of Ascarops strongylina, Sarcocyst, Hydatid cyst, Cysticercus cellulosae, Ascaris suum and Cysticercus tenuicollis, along with bacteria like Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Shigella, Streptococci, Proteus and Pasteurella spp. were isolated. Indirect ELISA was performed for detection of antibody titer in the pig serum against classical swine fever. Studies on hematological and serum biochemical profile revealed decreased total protein concentration and globulin level with leukocytosis and neutrophilia and in parasitic infections eosinophilia was evident.
The present investigation was performed to assess the concentrations of four heavy metals-lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co)-in goats reared in the vicinity of an industrial area of West Bengal, India, including soil, water, and feedstuffs; tissues of liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and muscle; and milk and faeces. In addition, histopathological changes in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and muscle samples were examined. Mejia block as an industrial polluted site and Vatar block as a reference site (without any industrial activities and 120 km away from the polluted site) were selected for this study. The results showed that concentrations of these heavy metals in soil, water feedstuffs, all tissues, milk, and faeces were greater (P < 0.05) in the polluted site than the reference site. The largest concentrations of Cd and Pb were found in kidney followed by liver, lung, spleen, and muscle. However, Co and Cu accumulations in the tissues were in following order: liver > kidney > lung > spleen > muscle. Concentrations of heavy metals were greater in older animals than in young ones. Haemoglobin, total protein, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte counts, and total leucocytes counts were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in blood of goats in the polluted site compared with the reference site. Serum glucose, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, and alkanline phosphatase were significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) increased. Histological examination showed several pathological alterations including degeneration, vacuolation, and tubulitis in kidney; congestion, degeneration, periportal necrosis, and focal haemorrhages in liver; and congestion and diffuse haemorrhage in lungs. It was concluded that natural exposure to these environmental heavy metals significantly increases toxic heavy-metal concentrations in several visceral organs resulting in pathological changes in these tissues. Thus, consumption of the meat of goats reared in the polluted site may pose human health hazards.
This study was carried out to determine the concentrations of four heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co), and histopathological lesions in tissues of chickens reared in an industrial area of West Bengal, India. In particular, Mejhia Block was selected as a heavy metal-exposed area and Vatar Block (120 km away from industrially polluted areas) as a reference site. Samples were collected from the backyard chickens in these areas. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil, water, feedstuffs, tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and muscle), and droppings were greater (p < 0.05) in the polluted site than in the reference site. The greatest tissue concentrations of Cd and Pb were noted in the kidney, followed by the liver, lung, spleen, and muscle, whereas Cu and Co concentrations accumulated in these tissues resulted in the following: liver > kidney > lung > spleen > muscle. Heavy metal concentrations were greater in older chickens (> 1 year) than in young chickens (< 1 year). Packed cell volume, total erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, total protein, and total leucocyte counts were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the blood picture of chickens in the exposed area. Different serum enzymes and biochemical profiles were altered due to heavy metal exposure. Histological changes revealed necrotic lesions and tubulitis in the kidney, degeneration and necrosis in liver parenchyma, and periarteriolitis, peribronchiolitis, and presence of hemosiderin pigment in the lung of chickens in the exposed site. Results indicated that backyard chickens in heavy metal-exposed site may show pathological lesions in different tissues due to accumulation of heavy metals, and thus, the consumption of chicken meat from the industrially exposed site may pose a potential health risk to local residents of polluted sites.
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