Abstract. The lesions associated with parasitic infestation in 1 156 wild-caught, laboratory-maintained nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, and Papio spp) are described. The two most common parasites seen were lung mites (Pneumonyssus spp) and nodular worms (Oesophagostomum spp). In addition, in cynomolgus monkeys (Macacafascicularis) only, Nochtia nochti was a frequent pathogen. The etiology of mineralized fibrotic nodules in the mesentery of cynomolgus monkeys was thought to be infection with Paragonimus westermani, the oriental lung fluke.The use of nonhuman primates in biological research has prompted a need for more information on the natural diseases of these species. At the same time, it has provided a means by which this information can be obtained in significant quantities. Many toxicological laboratories, including Huntingdon Research Centre, currently use wild-caught, laboratory-maintained primates, which present the pathologist with a wide variety of parasitic diseases. Since these primates have spent at least part of their lives in 'natural' surroundings, they have been exposed to the infections, intermediate hosts, and vectors of parasitic diseases prevailing in the areas of their capture and presumably their habitat.The documentation of these diseases and lesions is important for management and conservation of wild primate populations and for preventative medicine of captive ones. In the last ten to 20 years there has been a vast increase in interest and documentation in primate 12. 13. 15* 18-20-23.28 This paper reports the incidence of parasites and parasitic lesions found in 1 156 nonhuman primates used in toxicological studies. Materials and MethodsFour hundred seventy-two cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), 450 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and 234 baboons (Papio spp) were obtained from a commercial s u p plier, housed individually, and kept in relative isolation of approximately 22°C. They were fed a standard dry diet preparation supplemented with bread, fresh fruit, and vegetables. Vitamins C and Blr were added to the drinking water, which was available ad libitum.The monkeys were from various toxicological experiments designed for drug safety evaluation, and both untreated control and treated groups were included in the survey. The monkeys ranged from 1.5 to 4 years of age and all were wildcaught and laboratory-maintained.All monkeys surviving their experimental procedure were killed by intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbitone ("Expiral," Abbott Laboratories, Queensborough, Kent, U.K.). All body systems were examined macroscopically and any lesions were noted and described. Representative portions of all organs and lesions were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in parafin, sectioned at 5 pm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).A full spectrum of parasitological techniques was not done due to the nature of the studies, and diagnoses were made by a combination of macroscopic observation and histological examination. ResultsThe inciden...
No abstract
In the present study , we investigate the effect of Gamma radiation of wavelength 81.58416X10^-13 on the viability of protoscolices , the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus , which was isolated from liver hydatid cysts of invested sheep. The study was accomplished on 80 white male mice , the mice were divided randomly into four equal groups , group 3 and 4 were invested intra peritoneally with 2000 Gamma irradiated protoscolices, with 5 and 25 Gray of Gamma rays for 1.2 and 6.6 minutes respectively The experimental irradiation of protoscolices was Gamma rays cobalt 60 ( Co-60 ). Then the ability of protoscolices was checked before and after the irradiation. Group 1 and group 2 were used as negative and positive control respectively. After one month group 2 , 3 and 4 were given challenge dose of 2000 protoscolices intraperitoneally for every single mouse in every group. Mice were killed after 2,4,6,8, and 12 weeks after the challenge . Macroscopic and microscopic studies were done for all experimental groups. The following findings were seen : 1. Reduction of the violability of protoscolices by inverse of the radiation intensity incorrespondense with the time of exposure. 2. The macroscopic studies indicate reduction in the average number and diameter of the secondary hydatid cyst in the irradiated groups in comparison with the positive group. 3. The histopathological changes were characterized by presence of degenerated distracted hydatid cysts in the livers , especially in the irradiated group , with the presence of hyperplastic splenic white pulp lymphoid tissue in comparison with the positive control .
In present study use 40 mice (20 male and 20 females) divided into 4 groups, each group has 10 mice.The first group gave distal water considered as control group. The second (low dose group) gave 28.5 mg / kg B.W. paracetamol. The third group(intermediate dose group) gave 57 mg / kg B.W. paracetamol and fourth group(high dose group) gave 114 mg / kg B.W. paracetamol daily for 6 month. Also there was another group considerd as peracute dose group(supra toxic) contains from 2 males and 2 females gave 342 mg / kg B.W. (for 2 weeks).The toxic and supra toxic dose 0f paracetamol caused macroscopic and microscopic changes in male and female reproductive organs in white mice.
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