Background:
Anemia accounts for a majority of the nutritional problem across the globe. The prevalence of anemia is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and indigent access to the healthcare services. Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt; therefore they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls.
Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 255 adolescent girls. After getting informed consent from the subjects, the information regarding age, sociodemographic status, menstrual history, and short clinical details were recorded. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using automated hematology analyser.
Results and Discussion:
Overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 48.63% (
n
= 124). The majority of the anemic girls (55.64%,
n
= 69) were having mild degree of anemia. Among 255 girls, 188 (73.73%) were from the early adolescent age group (10–14 years). Prevalence of anemia (52.24%) was high among the late adolescents and those belonging to low socioeconomic class.
Conclusion:
There is a significant relationship between anemia and socioeconomic status, dietary modification, nutritional supplementation, and helminth control; in addition, compliance with consumption of iron and folic acid tablets will prevent anemia to a great extent among adolescent girls.
Cardiovascular disease is a key community health challenge and presently the condition with the utmost deaths around the globe, even though enormous development has been made in its management but there are still many difficulties. In the current study, we made an attempt to evaluate the therapeutic action of betaine, an active nutraceutical against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. The rats were pre-treated with betaine (250mg/Kg BW) for the period of 30 days and on the 31st and 32nd days, they were administered with isoproterenol (20mg/Kg BW) to produce MI in rats. Then we evaluated the effects of betaine on the ratio of heart weight to the body weight. Cardiac diagnostic markers and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metallopreoteinases along with their mRNA expressions were also studied in the heart by RT-PCR. We found that there was a significant elevation in the heart size, levels of LDH, CK-MB, CRP, homocysteine and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-ɑ, IL-1ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and RANTES) and matrix metallopreoteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in MI rats. On the other hand, pre-treatment of MI rats with betaine revealed a noteworthy reduction in the proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metallopreoteinases in the serum. RT-PCR study revealed that betaine successfully down-regulated the mRNA expressions of NF-κB, TNF-ɑ, IL-6, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MI rats. In conclusion, this study revealed that betaine is able to ameliorate MI by restraining the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metallopreoteinases. Hence, betaine might be used as a dietary supplement as an alternative for cardio-protection.
In the current study, we evaluated the effect of Zingiberene (ZB) is, a monocyclic sesquiterpene that is the principal constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale), against high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity cardiomyopathy (OC) in rats. ZB (50mg/kg/BW) was supplemented on obese rats for the period of 45 days and assessed its effect of body weight, anthropometrical and morphological parameters along with hyperglycemic markers. We also evaluated the effect of ZB on cardiac lipotoxicity and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue. The current study demonstrated that HFD supplementation significantly increased body weight, anthropometrical and morphological parameters, together developed hyperglycemia in rats. On the other hand, ZB supplementation in obese rats attenuated these altered parameters and ameliorated cardiac lipotoxicity as well as oxidative stress by decreasing lipid profiles of heart and enhancing the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in the heart. Therefore, this study suggest that ZB might ameliorate the diet induced OC through the restoration of antioxidant system of the heart and attenuation of dyslipidemia in the cardiac.
The aim of our present study was to estimate the prevalence of Candida infection in foot ulcer patients and spectrum of Candida species and their drug resistant pattern. A total of 100 Swabs was taken from diabetic foot ulcer patients from January 2016 to June 2016. Samples were cultured on SDA agar medium. Candida spp. were differentiated by culture on Hi CHROM agar, Sugar assimilation test, fermentation test and antifungal sensitivity test. Out of 100 samples obtained from diabetic patients with a foot ulcer, 32 (32%) were positive for Candida sp by culture. It was more significant in males 22 (68.75%) than females 10 (31.25%) Candida albicans was found to be the predominant isolate followed by C.tropicalis. Resistance to fluconazole was observed 17 (17%) in our study. C.albicans was more resistant to azoles than non albicans. Our results will help physicians to treat fungal infections of diabetic foot ulcers, as well as their drug resistant pattern. Fluconazole resistance is a public health concern and the rational use of this drug is important in community.
Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia are interrelated terms and the same course of disorders which raise the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. Herbs are used for treating diseases and used in the traditional systems of medicines like Ayurveda. As science is evolving, research to prove the pharmacological activity of the herbs and establishing scientific proof is also important. Lannea coramandelica is a native plant for tropical countries like India. It is considered one of the lifesavers of the area with abundant polyphenols, flavonoids, gums and other chemical constituents. Most of the antioxidant chemical components like flavonoids are potent in treating and lowering lipids in the body and reduces the oxidative stress in the human body to process fats. Lannea coramandelica has been proven to have vast amounts of flavonoids and antioxidant principles. Current research has been designed to confirm the hyperlipidemia controlling property of Lannea coramandelica extracts. The Lannea coramandelica extract showed a better hyperlipidemic activity at a dose of 500mg/kg in both the events.
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