Background: Anemia accounts for a majority of the nutritional problem across the globe. The prevalence of anemia is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and indigent access to the healthcare services. Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt; therefore they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 255 adolescent girls. After getting informed consent from the subjects, the information regarding age, sociodemographic status, menstrual history, and short clinical details were recorded. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using automated hematology analyser. Results and Discussion: Overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 48.63% ( n = 124). The majority of the anemic girls (55.64%, n = 69) were having mild degree of anemia. Among 255 girls, 188 (73.73%) were from the early adolescent age group (10–14 years). Prevalence of anemia (52.24%) was high among the late adolescents and those belonging to low socioeconomic class. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anemia and socioeconomic status, dietary modification, nutritional supplementation, and helminth control; in addition, compliance with consumption of iron and folic acid tablets will prevent anemia to a great extent among adolescent girls.

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A Tertiary Care Hospital Kerala IntroductionColon is the primary site for various non neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. The spectrum of colonic lesions range from congenital diseases, Infections, Inflammatory conditions, Vascular diseases, Polyps and Colorectal tumours. Colorectal carcinoma is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality with an overall cancer incidence rate of 9%. [1,2] Development of flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy revolutionized the diagnosis and management of colorectal diseases, for the reason that the procedure is safe with no serious complications. Application of therapeutic colonoscopy like colonoscopic polypectomy has replaced the open surgical procedure to a great extent. [3] In developing countries like India, where tuberculosis and infective colitis are more prevalent, the diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel disease is a great challenge. Colonic mucosal biopsies procured from colonoscopy plays a crucial role in specific diagnosis of patients with Inflammatory Bowel disease [4,5] and early detection of colonic epithelial tumours.[6] Histopathological interpretation of colonic mucosal biopsies when correlated with clinical findings help in definitive diagnosis and early treatment of patients with colonic lesions.The current study was carried out with an aim to study histopathological pattern of colonic mucosal biopsies and correlate them with clinical findings. Materials and MethodsThe present study was a two year retrospective study, conducted in the department of pathology DM Wayand Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala during the period from April 2015 to March 2017. 250 cases presented with symptoms were selected for the study. Patient's age, sex, presenting complaints, relevant past history were noted and colonoscopy was performed.All biopsies received were immediately fixed in 10% formalin. The tissue bits were counted, measured and processed completely as per routine histopathology processing. From each paraffin block 3 to 5 micron thick Abilash S C 1 * and Shreelakshmidevi S 2 1 Pathology, DM Wayanad Institute Of medical sciences, Naseera Nagar, Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India 2 Pharmacology, DM Wayanad Institute Of medical sciences, Naseera Nagar, Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India ABSTRACTBackground: Colon is the most common site for various diseases. Diseases affecting the colon may cause abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and bleeding per rectum. Colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the colon with a flexible optic fibers, this method allows visual examination of colonic mucosa and provides opportunity for mucosal biopsies. This study was carried out to study and correlate histopathological spectrum of colonic mucosal biopsies with clinical findings.Methods: This two years study was conducted during the period of April 2015 to March 2017. 250 colonoscopic biopsies were included in the study. All biopsies were fixed in formalin, processed as per routine histopathology processing, stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin stains and studied.Result: Out of...

Across the globe about 15% of married couples undergo infertility problem. About 20-30% of these cases are due to defects in semen and 30%-40% have combined defects in both men and women. So, malefactor associated infertility is observed in one third of the infertility couples. Semen analysis is the principal baseline investigation carried out for the detection of male infertility. [1][2][3] Semen analysis performed by using the WHO criteria encompass quantitative as well as qualitative parameters. [4] Quantitative examination includes measurement of semen volume and sperm counts.Qualitative analysis includes assessment of viscosity, morphology and motility.Assessment of sperm morphology is the major benchmark in determining the quality of a semen sample and it plays a key role in detecting male infertility. Qualitative analysis can be carried out by assessing the semen sample for identification of defects in different parts such as head, middle piece, and tail. [5] Accuracy of semen morphology assessment mainly depends on vigilant preparation, fixation and staining of the smear, since any of these procedures can significantly influence the sperm dimensions.