Supplemental screening US in mammographically negative breasts can find additional carcinomas in women at average risk but is not as effective as screening mammography because of the lower cancer yield, invasive cancer yield, specificity, accuracy, PPV and a high short-term follow-up rate.

Si͑111͒-5 ϫ 2-Au is investigated in detail using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at 78 K. It is shown that topographic features in STM images are strongly dependent on bias voltages, including a new atomic feature, V unit. Detailed investigations of local distributions of electronic states by scanning tunneling microscopy, point spectroscopy, and current imaging tunneling spectroscopy suggest extensive charge transfers between intra-and interlocal unit cells. Comparisons of experimental and theoretical structural models proposed up to date are made and it is found that none of models truly reproduces all the features observed so far. Our findings suggest that further investigation is required.

Interobserver agreements were relatively good (k = 0.637) in final US assessment regardless of nodule size in experienced radiologists. High false-positive rate was observed in US assessment in nodules less than 5 mm in maximum diameter.

Prenatal treatment of dexamethasone, a synthetic stress hormone, leads to low birth weight and affects adult pathophysiology. Because fetal growth and survival are critically dependent on successful placental development, we aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure on placental growth and function, particularly focusing on issues surrounding the time of stress exposure in a developmental context. Dexamethasone was administered at a dosage of 1 mg/kg BW (DEX1) or 10 mg/kg BW (DEX10) intraperitoneally at gestational d 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5 in pregnant mice. Placentas were then dissected at gestational d 11.5 and 18.5. Placental size and weight were reduced at d 11.5 in a dose-dependent manner (P = 0.11 for saline vs. DEX1 and P < 0.001 for DEX1 vs. DEX10 in size; P = 0.34 for saline vs. DEX1 and P < 0.01 for DEX1 vs. DEX10 in weight). In contrast, a considerable heterogeneity was shown at d 18.5, especially in DEX10-treated mice. Some placentas were small and malformed whereas some were enlarged with structural abnormalities in spongiotrophoblasts and labyrinth layers. Although placental overgrowth under such condition seemed to compromise fetal demand for nutrient supply, disorganized cell structure with reduced fetal vasculature observed in large placentas suggests that prenatal stress exposure during the early gestational period negatively affects placental development and efficiency.

Effects of Rilzobiuminoclltm concentration strain and combined nitrogen on growth and nodulation ofa supernodulating common bean and its parent line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 70: 987-996. Numbers of nodules formed on both the supernodulating common bean (

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We have fabricated thin films composed of W-encapsulated Si clusters (WSi 10 ) on Si substrates and investigated their electronic properties using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). An epitaxial layer was observed at the interface with the Si substrate, and an amorphous layer was on top. The bulk plasmon of the WSi 10 cluster film was measured and compared with those of crystalline Si (c-Si) and WSi 2 films. We found similar plasmon energies in the epitaxial and amorphous layers of the WSi 10 cluster film. The plasmon peak of the WSi 10 cluster film is shifted to higher energy compared with that of c-Si, which is related to the electron density increase in the valence band. The Si-L 23 absorption edge spectra show that the conduction-band density of states in Si was modified by hybridization between Si and W atoms.

High temperature gas nitriding (HTGN) at 1050°C and tempering of a 17Cr-1Ni-0.5C-0.4V (CNV) steel were experimentally investigated. The phases appearing in the surface layer of the HTGN-treated steel were martensite and austenite with mostly Cr2N precipitates that were formed by permeated nitrogen, and a small amount of Cr23C6 and VN precipitates. The reverse migration of carbon hindered the diffusion of nitrogen when nitrogen permeated from the surface to the interior, which resulted in the accumulation of nitrogen on the outermost surface. The strong affinity between nitrogen and chromium atoms induced the diffusion of chromium from the interior to the surface, leading to the substitution of Cr23C6 for Cr2N. After tempering the HTGN-treated steel at 500°C, the dense precipitates of Cr2N and the increased martensite phase in the surface layer led to secondary hardening, which increased the hardness value up to 901 Hv.