Today substantial amounts of PCB still remain in buildings. PCB is found to be used in different building materials as a plasticizer, e.g. in paints and elastic sealing materials. PCB was used in building materials especially in 1960s but also in the late 1950s and early 1970s. The purpose of the study was firstly to find and to analyze PCBs used in paints in Finnish buildings indoors. The question of the amount of hazardous materials in buildings was approached by a case study in a basement of a school building containing PCB-paint. After analyses the purpose was to remove the PCB-paint and to see what issues there are to be concerned about once the PCB-paint is mechanically removed. At first the original PCB concentrations were analyzed. The greyish floor paint contained PCBs of about 8 751 mg/kg. The red paint in walls had concentrations of 23 mg/kg. Since the wall concentration was low, there was no need to remove that mechanically. Renovation of the room was performed as the floor paint was removed. Since sandblasting creates a lot of dust, other methods were applied. The floor paint was removed by grinding. After the removal of the floor paint, all of the surfaces in a room were washed with detergent water. The PCB concentrations were analyzed from wipe samples taken after the paint removal prior to washing and again after the washing. The results show that by removing the floor paint and by washing all the surfaces the concentrations in the room were reduced but PCBs were not totally removed. After grinding and washing, the floor had PCB concentration of about 4 019 mg/kg. The results show significant PCB-concentrations still after the paint itself had been removed. It was calculated that originally about 118 g of pure PCB was present in floor paint Tampere University of Technology, Finland in a room of 12 m 2 . After removal of the floor paint, the total PCB still present in the room was about 58 g. By grinding most of the visible paint, the total reduction of PCBs was about 52%.
PCBs can still be found in open applications such as additives in paints or elastic sealants used in buildings built in the 1960s and 1970s. The objectives of this study were to analyze the occurrence of PCBs in paints used in buildings. PCBs were applied especially in chlorinated rubber paints, cyclorubber paints and in vinyl paints, which have been used widely, especially in industrial buildings. The results from the research show that 60% of buildings studied contain PCB over 20 mg/kg in indoor paints. From all the samples collected almost every fourth contained PCBs over the limit value of 50 mg/kg given for hazardous waste. The highest concentration (102 900 mg/kg) was found in the concrete floor of a school building's basement. Wipe samples taken from paint surfaces also contained high amounts of PCBs. The highest amount (83 000 µg PCB/m 2 ) was found in the surface of a building, which had not yet been renovated. The most common method for removing existing paint is sandblasting. After sandblasting the sand contains high concentrations of PCBs and has a large surface area thus PCBs leaching capacity may be significant. This may cause occupational and also residential exposure to PCBs. In buildings that had been renovated by using sandblasting for paint removal, PCBs were found in the surface, which had not originally contained PCBs. The secondary contamination was often over the Finnish limit value of 100 µg PCB/m 2 as the highest concentration detected was 1100 µg PCB/m 2 . The congener profiles from the samples reminded the profile of Aroclor 1260 or Clophen 60 profiles in almost all samples. The profiles showed that the PCBs most probably originate from paints and not from other PCB source such as capacitors.
Kuhlschmierstoffe (KSS) haben bei der Metallbearbeitung grundsatzlich zwei Aufgaben. Sie fuhren die entstehende Ver-Mat.-wiss. u. Werkstofftech. 29, 525-536 (1998) 0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-6945 1 Weinheim, 1998 0933-5 I37/98/0909-0525$17.50 + .50/0 525
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