We show that a novel effect, electro wetting, can be the basis of passive displays which (i) switch reversibly from transparent to white, (ii) have fast response time (<1.0 ms),and (iii) can be operated with low voltages (<1.0 V) and low power consumption (<1.0 mW/cm2). We derive the operating parameters and report experiments demonstrating the concept of electro-wetting displays.

We introduce a new electrowetting effect, continuous electrowetting (CEW), and show its advantages for applications to displays and other electro-optic devices. We demonstrate expe~mentally, by using CEW, fast and reversible electrowetting flow on the theoretically predIcted scale of -10 cm/s for -l-V driving voltage.

The operation of a new light modulation device that employs electric field controlled light scattering in an inhomogeneous medium is described. The orientation of a nematic liquid crystal, contained in micrometer sized inclusions in a nonabsorbing solid, is changed to produce a varying refractive index. When the refractive index of the liquid crystal matches that of the solid, the composite medium is nonscattering and transparent. If the refractive indices do not match, the medium is scattering and opaque. High contrast ratios have been measured for transmitted light with a response time of a ∼1 ms. The application of this technique to passive display devices is discussed.

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We report on the electrocatalytic properties of sputtered iridium oxide films (SIROF's) in acidic electrolytes. Long term stability (240 hr) is demonstrated. Typical steady‐state currents are 75 mA/cm2 at 1.85V (vs. RHE), which is 50% higher than previously reported. In addition, we introduce a new method of determining Tafel slopes based on the short‐time decay of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) current, corrected for the capacitative component. Tafel plots are presented for samples of different thickness and degree of hydration. The high current density and absence of corrosion demonstrate the superior catalytic properties of SIROF's vs. iridium over the entire voltage range investigated.