Objective Previous studies have shown that 5% to 15% of healthy people do not show a protective antibody response following hepatitis B vaccination. The study was done to determine the protective efficacy of vaccination in healthy young adults 1 to 4 years after the three dose vaccination series and to study the effect of a booster dose on nonresponders and hypo-responders.Design Prospective intervention study.Study group 258 volunteers from five batches of medical students vaccinated with three doses of the recombinant vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months.Results 9.5% were non-responders. Duration of vaccina tion, sex and body mass index were not significantly asso ciated with anti-HBs levels. 28.6% had potential risk fac tors for acquiring HBV infection. 86.3% of non-respond ers developed protective anti-HBs titres after a booster dose. The persistent non-responders did not have a chronic illness or past HBV infection.Conclusions A substantial number do not seroconvert after hepatitis B vaccination. Testing of blood for anti-HBs one month after vaccination is recommended to recognise nonresponders as a booster dose will be beneficial in the majority of them.1 Associate Professor, demonstrator, ^Technical Officer,
Background About 30% of patients treated with second generation antipsychotics (SGA) experience weight gain. Although there is evidence that the FTO gene is associated with obesity its role in antipsychotic induced weight gain is not so clear. Methods A genetic association study was carried out to identify the association between FTO rs9939609 and antipsychotic induced weight gain. Sample consisted of 180 cases and 120 controls. Cases were patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, treated with second-generation antipsychotics for a minimum of 3 months, and had gained at least 10% of body weight. Controls were patients with schizophrenia treated with second-generation antipsychotics for a minimum of 3 months but had not gained ≥10% of body weight. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood. Polymerase chain reaction of the samples was done. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was carried out using BIO-RAD CFX96 Touch TM PCR detection system. Results Females were significantly more among cases (58.3%) than controls (35%). Cases (52.4%) were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese than controls (13.8%). Genotype distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.43). Cochran-Armitage trend test was not significant. Risk of antipsychotic induced weight gain in the AA genotype [OR 1.69 (95% CI 0.74-3.86)] and AT genotype [OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.67-1.79)] were not significantly higher than the TT genotype. Recessive model showed that AA/AT genotypes were at significantly higher risk of being obese/overweight [OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.05-3.2)]. Conclusions There was no significant association between FTO rs9939609 and antipsychotic induced weight gain. AA/AT genotypes had significantly higher risk of overweight/obesity.
Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are the most critical group of MDR bacteria that pose a threat to human health especially affecting patients with haematological malignancies. Knowledge on the prevalence of CRE colonization of the gut will help healthcare providers to be vigilant in-patient management. However, there are no local studies exploring the gut colonizing CRE among patients with haematological malignancies. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of CRE genes in colonizing CRE isolates in patients with haematological malignancies and evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods Rectal swab samples collected from patients with haematological malignancies were screened with selective chromogenic agar for CRE. Species identification and ABST of CRE isolates were done using VITEK® 2 system. blaKPC, blaNDM and blaOXA−48 genes were identified using an in-house conventional multiplex PCR, with previously described method and primers. Results A total of 264 adult patients with haematological malignancies were included in the study. Prevalence of gut colonization of CRE was 35.2% (93/264). A total of 119 CRE isolates from 93 study subjects were further studied. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant carbapenemase producer [68/119 (57%)] among the isolates. Sixty-one (51.2%) isolates harboured blaNDM, 48 (40.3%) blaOXA−48 and 12 (10%) blaKPC. Three isolates (2.5%) were shown to harbour all three genes and 24 (20%) two genes. Twenty (16.8%) of isolates tested negative for all three genes. Conclusions A relatively high prevalence of CRE gene occurrence and co-occurrence was detected in the study population. This indicates a potential challenge to infection prevention and control in the institute as colonization with CRE carries a threat to endogenous infection and cross transfer. Limitations In-house conventional PCR method was used to identify CRE genes. Twenty isolates that were negative for all tested genes need to be studied further.
BackgroundOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) is an uncommon and debilitating consequence of head and neck radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been advocated for prophylaxis prior to performing dentoalveolar procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate a prophylactic HBOT protocol and describe the outcomes of susceptible individuals.MethodsA retrospective audit of adults who attended the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (South Australia) who received dental extractions with a history of radiotherapy to the jaws from 2008 to 2020. Data including demographic information and outcomes of osteoradionecrosis and delayed healing was recorded.ResultsA total of 121 individuals were eligible for case note review; 68.6% of individuals were male and 55.4% were aged over 67 years. Osteoradionecrosis occurred in 9.1% of individuals and delayed healing for 3.3%; fifteen individuals (12.4%) were unable to complete the HBOT protocol. The individuals who were diagnosed with ORN had a significant association with age (P = 0.006) and binary analysis showed alcohol consumption to be a significant predictor.ConclusionsProphylactic HBOT protocol had a lower proportion of individuals diagnosed with ORN and those who were diagnosed were more likely to be younger males and have current alcohol consumption.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.