We have developed modified poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) to improve its performance in organic electroluminescent devices. Encapsulated single-layer devices with this PPV on indium–tin oxide and a calcium cathode have been operated in air for >7000 h at 20 °C and >1100 h at 80 °C without noticeable degradation. Devices fabricated with this PPV, a conducting polymer layer as anode, and a sputtered low work-function alloy as cathode have efficiencies of over 2 lm/W, brightnesses of >600 Cd/m2 at 4 V, and lifetimes of >1400 h driven at ∼100 Cd/m2 initial brightness.

Results are reported for a recently fabricated spatial light modulator incorporating amorphous silicon as the photoconductor and a chiral smectic liquid crystal as the modulating medium. Initial results at room temperature include an MTF of 70 LP/mm at 10% modulation with an operational frequency greater than 1 kHz.

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A novel reflective backlight based on OLED technology has been developed for use with monochrome transmissive LCDs. The rear metal cathode of the OLED in combination with a polarisation preserving diffuser is used as the reflector for the LCD, thereby avoiding the use of an inefficient transflector. Both green and blue reflective backlights are reported which provide greater luminous efficacies and brighter reflective states than conventional transflective LCDs illuminated with either LED or inorganic electroluminescent backlights.

A thin layer of fast chiral smectic liquid crystals may be placed directly over suitably designed silicon VLSI circuits in order to enable the modulation of light in response to variations in voltage. This hybrid electro-optic technology may enable a number of the key components required for parallel optical systems to be made (1). The simplest of such components are electrically addressed spatial light modulators which consist of arrays of electrically addressed shutters (1,2,3,).