Protective forest strips are the basis of the environmental frame on sparsely wooded areas. To create such highly productive objects, the selection of the corresponding gene pool is required. Plus trees the representatives of this gene pool. The aim of the research is to develop criteria for highlighting plus trees for protective forestry, focused on the creation of plantings, the main parameter of which is the working height. 16 trial areas of cherry oak (Quércus róbur L.), black locust (Robinia Pseudoacia L.), green ash (Fraxinus lanceolata B.), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), thorney locust (Gleditschia triacanthos L.), walnut (Juglans regia L.) have been laid out. A continuous recalculation of heights in 100–142 individuals have been recalculated on each trial area and their statistical indicators have been determined. The height of the trees had a normal or close to it statistical distribution at the studied objects. Data processing was carried out using the Stadia 8.0/Prof licensed program for Windows. The method of selecting plus trees has been proposed, the height of which should exceed the average one by 25% or more. A comparison of the proposed and well -known method has revealed that the proposed one can increase the breeding differential with instrumental selection by 48,25–53,78%, and with eye-instrumental selection by 31,15–41,39%. Criteria for trees of various selection categories have been developed. Due to different conditions, it is recommended to highlight plus trees separately in the extreme and mid-protective forest strips. With breeding inventory, it is also necessary to take into account the sanitary condition of the trees.
The aim of the research is to clarify the methodology for assessing the resistance of hazel (hazelnuts) to stress factors on the basis of uniform approaches adopted in walnut farming. The assessment of resistance to biotic and abiotic factors has been carried out according to the methods recommended for the walnut, and the state of the vegetative and generative organs of hazel (hazelnuts) has been correlated with the program requirements. The result has been the development of 7 point assessment scales and the numerical values of the degree of damage correlated with them. Score 0 corresponds to the absence of lesions, 1 – lesions up to 5%, 2 – lesions up to 6–10%, 3 – lesions up to 11–25%, 4 – lesions up to 26–50%, 5 – lesions up to 51–75%, 6 – lesions more than 75% or death of the whole plant (depending on the studied indicator). The assessment scale for the winter hardiness of vegetative organs takes into account the degree of damage to the apical buds, annual shoots, branches of two years and older, the stem and the whole plant. Damage to male inflorescences is determined by the length of their dead part, to the female flowers – by the number of damaged ones, expressed as a percentage. The degree of drought resistance is revealed on the basis of studying the state of the entire plant, the percentage of damaged and fallen leaves. The influence of drought on the loss of food part is established by the degree of shrinkage of the kernel. Susceptibility to diseases and pests is estimated in percentage points separately for leaves by area, shoots in length, nuts by the ratio of damaged and undamaged ones. We have distinguished 6 groups of resistance, depending on the degree of vulnerability of varieties and forms of hazel (hazelnuts). It has been proposed to draw conclusions on the basis of at least three years of observations, and the final conclusion should be focused on specific breeding goals.
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