Although it is not a straightforward exercise to determine the exact magnitude of likely savings, a shorter regimen would reduce out-of-pocket expenses incurred by patients in the most recent 2 months of the continuation phase and allow an earlier return to productive activities.
Maternal education is significantly related to early childhood morbidity and mortality. In Bangladesh, most mothers do not have a correct knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding and the appropriate time for introduction of weaning foods; and only 3% of them know how to prepare proper weaning foods 1 . Another study conducted in the rural population reported that according to Gomez classification, 96% of children had varying degrees of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) (28.4% mild, 58.2% moderate and 9.2% severe) 2 . Timely weaning, education and promotion of essential vaccination may reduce childhood malnutrition, especially severe PEM. It has also been reported that the prevalence of breastfeeding in Bangladesh is one of the highest in the world where diarrheal diseases are hyper-endemic and issues of breastfeeding in several diarrheal diseases have been well documented 3 . We undertook this study to determine knowledge, attitude and feeding behavior of the mothers in a rural community. This cross sectional study was conducted in Sreepur Thana. Four villages were purposively selected. All women having children below 5 years were interviewed face to face. Structured questionnaire was used. Each participant was informed about the objectives of the interviewing. After taking her consent the interview session was started. The interviewing included socio-demographic information like housing, sanitation, education, water-supply and family-income. As regards feeding practices, each mother was interviewed for information related to nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. The questionnaire also included information about breast feeding like colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding, weaning and feeding during diarrhea and fever. The collected information were entered into computer using SPSS 11.5 version. The prevalence rates of feeding and weaning practices were expressed in percentages. Chi-sq was used to determine association of feeding practices with education and social class.A total of 500 families were visited in four villages. Of these families, 409 (81.1%) women were selected. Of the 91 non-participants, 85 women had no children below 5 years and only 6 women refused to participate. The mean age of the participants was 25 years (16-45y). The average family size was 4 (4-11) and the average monthly expenditure was 3751 (500-15000) taka. About 25% were illiterate and 95% were housewives. Most of the families had access to tube well water for drinking and domestic purposes. Of them, 94% had living rooms with corrugated tin sheet.The study revealed that 68% of mothers took extra food during pregnancy, 80% took extra food during lactation, 54% mothers gave exclusive breast feeding for 6 months. More than one third (36%) mothers started weaning at 6 th month and only 62% mothers chose khichuri made of rice and pulse as supplementary food. About twothirds used to provide balanced diet to their children; 70% used to serve normal diet during fever, 71% during diarrhea and 88% during recovery from illness. The prevalence of taki...
IntroductionHyperuricemia is becoming an increasing problem all over the world with a steady increase in prevalence 4 . Many factors contribute to hyperuricemia eg: genetics, insulin resistance, hypertension, renal insufficiency, obesity, diet, use of diuretics, and consumption of alcoholic beverages 3 . Some experimental and clinical studies suggest that uric acid has a contributory role in the pathogenesis of elevated blood pressure by several mechanisms such as inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in renal microcirculation, and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 7 . Another study showed high arterial tension in gout due to higher level of uric acid in the blood increases tone of arterioles causing hypertension 8 . Several recent small clinical trials have demonstrated that serum uric acid lowering agents such as allopurinol and probenecid can reduce blood pressure (BP) in adolescents 9 . Some studies also showed that the subjects with higher levels of serum uric acid are more at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and it was also found that one-quarter of diabetic cases can be attributed to a high serum uric acid level 10 . Recent studies have introduced serum uric acid as a potential risk factor for hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular diseases [11][12][13] . A study showed the prevalence of hyperuricemia to be 33% of RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URIC ACID LEVEL AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN T2DM PATIENTS ATTENDING THE BIRDEM GENERAL HOSPITAL ABSTRACTHyperuricemia is associated with higher mortality in patients suffering from hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular events, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, gout and renal stone formation and it is more in individuals with diabetes. The prevalence of hyperuricemia is high in T2DM. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between hyperuricemia and blood pressure in T2DM subjects and thus to help the clinician for early diagnosis, treatment and to prevent further complications. Total 350 study subjects were enrolled for this study; among them 203 were T2DM with normal level of serum uric acid level and 147 were T2DM with high serum uric acid level. It was observed that systolic blood pressure was significantly higher (134.5±9.6 mm of Hg) in T2DM with hyperuricemia (p<0.001) than T2DM with normal serum uric acid level (123.3±10.9 mm of Hg). On the other hand diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher (87.1±5.9 mm of Hg) in T2DM with hyperuricemia (p<0.001) than T2DM with normal serum uric acid level (79.6±8.3 mm of Hg). Age (years) showed no significant difference between T2DM with serum uric acid<7 mg/dl and T2DM with serum uric acid>7 mg/dl (p<0.05). In our study it was revealed that males were in greater risk of developing hyperuricemia. BMI was significantly (p<0.001) greater in T2DM subjects who had normal serum uric acid level (27.9±3.8) than with those who had serum uric acid>7 mg/dl (24.4±3.83). No significant differences were found in FBS, blood sugar 2 hours after breakfast, HbA1C, seru...
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