Purpose: Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is one of the "white dot syndromes" a clinically heterogeneous group of inflammatory chorioretinopathies. The etiology is not yet clear. Methods: We present a 50 years female patient with a prior history of migraine. She experienced progressive visual loss and visual field defects in the last 3 years. Preceding each episode she experienced blue flickering photopsias. Results: Visual acuity was 0,3 in the right eye and 0,6 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy showed a normal anterior segment, fundus exam revealed pigment epithelial atrophy more pronounced in the worse eye. Electrophysiology showed a marked reduction in the photopic ERG in the more affected eye. MRI demonstrated multiple white matter lesions including a corpus callosum location. Lumbar puncture showed oligoclonal bands. Further tests demonstrated hearing impairment. Therapy was instituted during the three years course of the disease with steroids, immune suppressants and plasmapheresis with visual loss being progressive. New photopsia is currently present. Conclusions: The etiology of AZOOR remains unclear. With our patient being one of the few described in the literature with concomitant multiple sclerosis, the question remains on whether there is an underlying common process of inflammatory autoimmune reactions. Whether treatment is possible, remains to be evaluated.
Purpose: Impaired vascular regulation might contribute to glaucomatous damage. Whether retinal branch arteries and veins of healthy persons and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients show different reactions in response to flickering light stimulation (FLS) is investigated. Methods: Retinal vessel reactions to FLS were examined in 28 POAG patients (stage I, 54,3±9,9 years old) after 4 week wash‐out of eye drops and in 28 age and gender matched medically healthy volunteers. Vessel diameters of retinal vessel segments were assessed by Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA). After baseline measurement (50 s) monochromatic rectangular FLS (530‐600 nm, 12,5 Hz, 20 s) was applied. Results: In most subjects fast vessel dilation compared to baseline and an ensuing reactive arterial constriction were observed. In detail we found: ...........................................................................POAG.......control mean arterial dilation at the end of FLS, %...........3,3±2,7......3,4±2,7 time of max arterial constriction following FLS,s....49,9±26,7*.25,5±18,1 mean venous dilation at the end of FLS,%........... 2,9±1,9......3,8±2,2 area under the venous curve following FLS,s*%..‐1,1±16,9*...27,9±34,3 We found statistically significant differences between the two examined groups as marked with *(p<0,01) (U‐test). Conclusions: Functional retinal arterial and venous dilation in response to FLS does not differ between POAG patients and healthy subjects. Reactive arterial constriction following the FLS appeared later and venous restoration occurred faster in POAG. These findings might be an indication for alterations in the vascular endothelium and vessel wall rigidity in POAG, leading to impaired regulation following metabolic demand.
Bilateral stromal corneal opacity is a differential diagnostic challenge for ophthalmologists. In this article 2 female patients aged 30 and 36 years old, respectively, with different degrees of expression of stromal diffuse corneal opacity will be presented. Patient 1 was of short stature (114 cm) and patient 2 was 172 cm in size. Both patients exhibited altered joint structures of the hands and feet and diffuse stromal corneal opacity. Furthermore, patient 1 had both mitral and aortal insufficiencies and patient 2 an aorta insufficiency. The stromal diffuse corneal opacity was indicative of Schleie syndrome. For patients with reduced vision a lamellary keratoplasty is to be recommended.
Purpose: The Retinal Vessel Analyser (RVA) observes vessels in their dynamic state non‐invasively. We found earlier a significant increase in roughness along longitudinal vessel profiles with increasing age. Whether longitudinal retinal venous profiles in systemic hypertension (SH) are altered is investigated. Methods: 15 untreated SH‐patients (age 50,9±11,9 years) and 15 age matched healthy volunteers were examined. After baseline assessment a monochromatic (530‐600nm) rectangular flicker of 12.5 Hz was applied for 20 sec. In venous segments (1 mm length) vessel diameters were measured to obtain a longitudinal vessel profile. Results: Baseline average diameters and caliber range differed significantly in both groups (p<0,03) (median(1quartile; 3quartile)): SH: 164,4(151,8; 168,4)MU/ 33,5(21,6; 35,8)MU; control: 146,4(132,3; 152,1)MU/ 19,9(16,0; 23,6)MU. Average area under power spectra within the frequency band of 0,03‐0,065 Hz differed significantly at dilation (SH: 0,171(0,113; 0,351); control: 0,366(0,328; 0,490)); initial restoration (SH: 0,213(0,134; 0,359); control: 0,382(0,303; 0,514)) and restoration (SH: 0,252(0,128; 0,374); control: 0,425(0,311; 0,496))(p<0,03). Conclusions: The veins in SH seem pre‐dilated and pe‐stretched. The microstructure of longitudinal venous profiles in healthy volunteers and SH‐patients does not change in different phases of the reaction. In longitudinal venous profiles in SH low frequencies are more expressed and mid frequencies are less pronounced than in the control group. These microstructural changes in vessel profiles in SH‐patients might be an indication for alterations in the vascular endothelium, leading to impaired local perfusion and regulation.
The purpose of the study is to consider the problems of primary education, which is under the influence of computer technologies, its influence both on the structure and on the development of students' thinking. Noting the quality of new computer technologies, which is associated not only with their content, but also with their structure, especially with its forms and methods, resources, interactive methods, directions of integration, as well as ways of their implementation, the teacher's ability to perform facilitating functions.Method and Methodology: The methods of theoretical research, observation and interviews were used in the scientific research.Novelty: Depending on the purpose of the lesson, knowledge of the features of computer technology used by primary school teachers leads to increased results and achievements. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results allow us to find out how computer technologies used in the educational activities of younger students affect them, to highlight their positive and negative sides. The practical significance of the study can be judged by its results in school practice, the use of computer technology by teachers.The result of the study: Summing up, the author comes to the conclusion that any subject taught with the help of computer technology effectively and adequately affects the student. It is emphasized that the most important thing in the learning process is the use of means and methods that can more clearly explain to the student, in the end, they will master the topics taught. As a result, such developmental conditions motivate students to be active, form their skills in modeling, schematics, algorithms, create favorable opportunities for interest in sculpture, painting, needlework and other similar areas.
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