SUMMARY1. Sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia from young mice and new-born rats were cultured in vitro. The activity of the outgrowing Schwann cells was studied with time-lapse photography.2. Schwann cells exhibited a pulsatile activity with a contraction rate varying from 1 to 12 min. The occurrence of pulsations depended on the mode of attachment of cells to their surroundings.3. Fibres of various materials were introduced into the cultures in an attempt to simulate conditions obtaining in vivo. Schwann cells attached themselves to these fibres and rotated about them depositing myelin. Polarized light and histochemical studies showed that myelin was formed as early as four days in vitro.4. The possible significance of the behaviour of Schwann cells in vitro is discussed.
SUMMARY A study has been made of the conditions under which antibody to bacteriophage is produced in the chick embryo chorio‐allantoic membrane (CAM), following the direct inoculation of spleen cells from an adult fowl previously inoculated with bacteriophage. Antibody is produced in the CAM when spleen cells are transferred 48 hours after a primary in vivo antigenic stimulus, and in greater amounts following transfer 24 hours after a secondary in vivo stimulus. High titres of antibody also appear in the blood and spleen of the recipients. Cells transferred after a primary stimulus given either in vitro or by simultaneous injection of cells and antigen produced very small amounts of antibody. The transfer of spleen cells from stimulated adult fowls to genetically dissimilar recipients is accompanied by the appearance of proliferative lesions on the CAM. These are characteristic of the Simonsen phenomenon, and are a manifestation of the graft versus host reaction. When the donor and recipient are derived from the same highly inbred strains of fowls, few, if any, lesions develop. There is no macroscopic evidence for the proliferation of the donor cells, but antibody, in comparable amounts to that produced in outbred systems, appears in the recipient membranes.
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