Pulsatile and myelin‐forming activities of Schwann cells <i>in vitro</i>

Ernyei, S; Young, M. R.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007877

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Secondary SC thus cannot undulate and the contractions appear as pulsations. Influence of the mode of attachment on undulation has been noted previously [21]. The mobility of secondary SC during their growth phase is greatly reduced compared to primary SC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…SEM and TEM revealed that such cells, probably caught by the fixative in the middle of a migration process, had bundles of packed filaments localized along the convex side of the cell, acting as a backbone (figs 5, 6). These cells showed extensive and dilated ER, convoluted nuclei and large surface blebs unlike SC.Primary SC had characteristic motility as described before [20][21][22][23] and their processes contained numerous filaments identified as actin (6 nm in diameter) and intermediate filaments (9-10 nm in diameter) (fig. 4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Primary SC had characteristic motility as described before [20][21][22][23] and their processes contained numerous filaments identified as actin (6 nm in diameter) and intermediate filaments (9-10 nm in diameter) (fig. 4).…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The undulatory activity of primary SC has been observed by several authors [20][21][22][23]38]. Most of them have noticed that the duration of undulation is relatively constant and that the resting period between undulations is highly variable from cell to cell, and for one single cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possible relationship between pulsatile activity observed in vitro and specific function of SC in vivo has been discussed in detail [38]. The pulsation could play a role in (1) putative spiraling of Schwann cells around axons during myelination; (2) withdrawal of cytoplasm resulting in the major dense line of myelin; (3) circulation of cytoplasmic material in myelin [28].Migratory activity of isolated SC results from the combination of process extension and retraction, and nuclear movement within the cell [21,22]. Migration is oriented in a polar fashion, perhaps a reminder of the oriented movement of SC along axons in vivo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and behavior of rat primary and secondary Schwann cells in vitro

Dubois‐Dalcq

Rentier

et al. 1981

Experimental Cell Research

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SUMMARYThe structure and motility of isolated rat primary (I) Schwann cells (SC) have been compared to that of subcultured (II) SC during and after mitotic stimulation. I SC contain myelin components which persist for 2 weeks in serum-free medium while they rapidly disappear in medium containing serum and high glucose concentration. These components were never detected in II SC. Both I SC and II SC after their mitotic phase are spindle-shaped, contain many intermediate and actin filaments, have no basement membrane but show intense migratory and undulatory activities. Rare fibroblasts in I cultures are recognized by their extremely variable shape, the presence of Thy 1.1 antigen in their membrane and their intense edge ruffling alternating with abrupt translocation. In contrast, I SC movements consist of intracellular translocation of nuclei along SC processes, which retract and extend constantly, and in slow rhythmic undulation episodes (2.3±0.2/min) alternating with migration at 135±50 µ/h. The total number of these episodes per day in serum-free medium is rigorously identical for different cells (166.3±0.2) and this uniformity of frequency suggests a genotypic basis. Cycles, consisting of an undulation episode followed by a resting interval, have mean durations of 8.6±4.1 min and a sharp peak of occurrence at 6 min, with exponential distribution of the longer periods. Motility of II SC is considerably inhibited during mitotic stimulation by cholera toxin and a pituitary extract while SC phenotype has changed to a flat multipolar cell with prominent Golgi and ribosomes. Migration is reduced to 24±2 µ/h and only 2 % of the SC show pulsations of the same periodicity as the I SC undulations. A dramatic increase in pulsation frequency occurs 6-12 h after removal of mitogenic factors when 80% of II SC start pulsating twice as fast for 2-3 days. When mitoses cease, SC quickly recover their SC phenotype with rhythmic undulations while migration speed increased to 92±20 µ/h. Thus, in spite of dramatic modification of shape, structure and behavior during mitotic stimulation, SC subsequently recover their unique motility pattern which might be essential for their myelinating function.Rat Schwann cells (SC), the myelin-form-ing cells of the peripheral nervous system, can now be cultured in isolation by using two different techniques [1][2][3]. In the first, rat dorsal root ganglia obtained just before birth are explanted and treated with antimitotic agents for a few days. After 10 days, the ganglia are excised and a "Schwann cell bed" is developed after the neurites are eliminated [1,2]. In the second technique, dissociation of newborn rat sciatic nerve results in a mixed population of SC and fibroblasts, which after 2 days of culturing are identified by their respective surface antigenic markers Ran 1 and Thy 1.1 [3,4]. In these cultures, fibroblast growth is first inhibited by AraC treatment and subsequently, by complement-mediated killing of Thy 1.1 positive cells [3]. SC growth can then be intensely stimulated by pi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and behavior of rat primary and secondary Schwann cells in vitro

Dubois‐Dalcq

Rentier

et al. 1981

Experimental Cell Research

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Penetration of Labelled Amino Acids into the Peripheral Nerve Fibre from Surrounding Body Fluidst

Singer

1968

Novartis Foundation Symposia

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Slow pulsatile movements of Schwann cells in vitro: A time‐lapse cinemicrographic study

Forman

Shain²,

Fuchs

1986

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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Slow pulsatile movements of Schwann cells in vitro were studied quantitatively by using time-lapse cinemicrography. Schwann cells from peripheral nerves of 3-day-old rats were cultured in serum-free medium. Most Schwann cells showed intermittent episodes of pulsatile movement; each episode consisted of one or several contractile pulses. About half of the episodes consisted of a single pulse, and episodes with more than four pulses were rare. The average episode of activity lasted 2.6 min, while the average duration of a single pulse was 1.5 min. The mean quiescent interval between episodes of activity was 3.7 min. Some cells showed no pulsatile activity. Active cells averaged 6.6 episodes/h. The fraction of time which a Schwann cell spent in pulsatile activity varied widely, with an average of 28%. Behavior of Schwann cells in HEPES-buffered Hanks saline was generally similar to that in the complete medium. Raising K+ to 40 mM or Ca++ to 10 mM did not markedly affect the time course of the pulsatile motility, although the contractions were more vigorous in the high Ca++. Pulsatile movement was reversibly inhibited by cytochalasin B and appeared to be potentiated by drugs that disrupt microtubules.

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Pulsatile and myelin‐forming activities of Schwann cells in vitro

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Structure and behavior of rat primary and secondary Schwann cells in vitro

Structure and behavior of rat primary and secondary Schwann cells in vitro

Penetration of Labelled Amino Acids into the Peripheral Nerve Fibre from Surrounding Body Fluidst

Slow pulsatile movements of Schwann cells in vitro: A time‐lapse cinemicrographic study

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