INTRODUCCIóN El embarazo y la lactancia constituyen etapas de alta vulnerabilidad nutricional, con un aumento significativo de las necesidades de casi todos los nutrientes con relación a mujeres en el período preconcepcional (1,2). En Chile ha habido una reducción importante de la prevalencia de bajo peso y aumento de la obesidad en las mujeres, aunque las encuestas alimentarias continúan mostrando bajo consumo de algunos nutrientes críticos, como calcio, hierro, zinc y ácidos grasos omega-3, entre otros (3-6). De especial importancia es el aporte de ácidos grasos omega-3 de cadena larga. El ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) juega un rol fundamental en el desarrollo cerebral y de la retina del recién nacido (7-9). El depósito de DHA en la retina y corteza cerebral se produce principalmente ABSTRACT DHA is a critical nutrient for pregnant and lactating women, with important functions in brain development and sight acuity of the newborn. In Chile, DHA intake represents less than 30% of the international recommendation for pregnancy. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate a milk drink for pregnant and lactating women, containing 60 mg of DHA and 11 mg of EPA per 200 ml portion, plus other added vitamins and minerals. A cohort of 177 pregnant women received 2 kg/month of the milk drink and compared to a group of 175 women receiving the regular milk distributed by the National Complementary Feeding Program (PNAC), consisting of whole milk powder (26% fat) fortified with Fe, Zn, and Vitamin C. Evaluation included acceptability tests, tolerance, and intake of both milks, and measurements were performed at two moments during pregnancy, and after two months of lactation. Both milks had good evaluations in their organoleptic characteristics. Average intake for both groups was 1.8 ± 1 cup per day, lower than the three cups per day that were originally defined for the study. During pregnancy, sensory evaluation was better, and intake was higher, than with the regular whole milk, although these differences were not significant from a biological standpoint. During lactation, there were no differences among any of the evaluated parameters. The developed milk drink constitutes a good alternative for improving DHA intake during pregnancy and lactation.
Objective: To monitor coverage and outcomes associated with the activities of the integrated protection system for early childhood Chile Grows with You (CHCC), which includes the comprehensive psychosocial development of children between 18 months and 3 years old, in each of the 29 Health Services of the country, as well as the changes observed after 4 years. material and method: Database analysis of all local public networks in the country between 2008 and 2011 was performed. The application of the test regarding psychomotor development, prevalence of development delay and risk, participation of mothers in educational workshops, home visits and recovery rate of deficient children by age were studied. Median and observed changes of each indicator were analyzed developing a ranking based on the results observed. results: Approximately 75% of children were evaluated, with a prevalence of delay or risk of about 5% and a rate of recovery close to 50%. The participation of mothers in educational workshops increased from 7.6 to 11.0% (p <0.001) and home visits to developmentally delayed children increased 6 times between 2009 and 2011 (p <0.001). Most changes were positive, although the prevalence of developmentally delayed children under 2 years slightly increased (0.6%), and the recovery of 3 year olds decreased (-14.4%). A great variability was observed among the Health Services. Conclusions: There are some positive results in relation to psychomotor development, with significant regional differences. A lower than expected deficit rate regarding psychomotor development was observed, which implies the need to further analyze the instrument used or the conditions of application.
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