Objectives

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of a case series of fetuses with omphalocele. Methods Ninety fetuses with omphalocele at the National

Aim: To reach consensus among specialists from the Nordic countries on the present state-of-the-art in treatment of undescended testicles.Methods: A group of specialists in testicular physiology, paediatric surgery/urology, endocrinology, andrology, pathology and anaesthesiology from all the Nordic countries met for two days. Before the meeting, reviews of the literature had been prepared by the participants.Recommendations: The group came to the following unanimous conclusions: (1) In general, hormonal treatment is not recommended, considering the poor immediate results and the possible long term adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Thus, surgery is to be preferred. (2) Orchiopexy should be done between 6 and 12 months of age, or upon diagnosis, if that occurs later. (3) Orchiopexy before age one year should only be done at centres with both paediatric surgeons/urologists and paediatric anaesthesiologists. (4) If a testis is found to be undescended at any age after 6 months, the patient should be referred for surgery-to paediatric rather than general surgeons/urologists if the boy is less than one year old or if he has bilateral or non-palpable testes, or if he has got relapse of cryptorchidism.

We carried out an epidemiological study of headache in a rural parish in the mountainous region of southern Norway. During a 2-year period from October 1995, 1838 parishioners in the age range 18-65 (or 88.6% of the target group) were examined in a structured interview based on a questionnaire. The questionnaires were validated in two ways: 100 records were re-checked, with a consistency of 98%, and a re-check of 41 parishioners was carried out > 2 months after the 1st examination. The details of the latter control study will be reported later. Only one result of the study is given: namely, idiopathic stabbing headache ("jabs and jolts syndrome") was present in > 30% of parishioners.

Objective