Vesicular drug delivery system can be defined as highly ordered assemblies consisting of one or more concentric bilayers formed as a result of self-assembling of amphiphilic building blocks in presence of water. Vesicular drug delivery systems are particularly important for targeted delivery of drugs because of their ability to localize the activity of drug at the site or organ of action thereby lowering its concentration at the other sites in body. Vesicular drug delivery system sustains drug action at a predetermined rate, relatively constant (zero order kinetics), efficient drug level in the body, and simultaneously minimizes the undesirable side effects. It can also localize drug action in the diseased tissue or organ by targeted drug delivery using carriers or chemical derivatization. Different types of pharmaceutical carriers such as polymeric micelles, particulate systems, and macro- and micromolecules are presented in the form of novel drug delivery system for targeted delivery of drugs. Particulate type carrier also known as colloidal carrier system, includes lipid particles, micro- and nanoparticles, micro- and nanospheres, polymeric micelles and vesicular systems like liposomes, sphingosomes, niosomes, transfersomes, aquasomes, ufasomes, and so forth.
The solubility of drugs is one of the most challenging aspects in developing formulations for novel drug discovery. Myriad of approaches have been developed and tested to overcome the associated intricacies involved with poor water soluble drugs. Out of the available technologies, solid dispersion (SD) method that significantly enhances the solubility and bioavailability by reducing particle size to a micro-molecular level is often viewed as a promising strategy. Although conceptual basis of manufacturing processes involved in SD method have been reported, formulation characteristics addressing solubility issues remains yet elusive. The current review portray the historical milestones, classification, probable mechanisms for enhancement of solubility, manufacturing processes at commercial level along with pioneer breakthroughs in field that enunciates the versatile pharmaceutical application for categories including anti-cancer and anti-retroviral drugs. Besides, our article also highlights the translational implications of drug development by SD method hitherto unreported.
NDDS is advanced drug delivery system which improves drug potency, control drug release to give a sustained therapeutic effect, provide greater safety, finally it is to target a drug specifically to a desired tissue. Novel drug delivery system have been developed to overcome the limitation of conventional drug delivery systems, such as of gastric retention by decreasing fluctuations in the concentration of the drug in blood,resulting in the reduction in unwanted toxicity and poor efficiency. As compared to traditional dosage forms bilayer tablets are more efficient for sequential release of two drugs that can be different or identical. Bilayer tablet is also capable of separating two incompatible substances and also for sustained release. Gastro retentive drug delivery system retains the period of dosage forms in the stomach or upper gastro intes-tinal tract ,as to improve bioavailability and the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. Mainly the bilayer drug delivery system is suitable for drugs whose therapethic windows are narrow in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and also they have low elimination half life: 3-4 h. The purpose of this review is to disclose the challenges faced during the formulation of bilayer tablets. Finally, the whole article is firmly analyzed in a concluding paragraph. KEYWORDS: Conventional drug delivery systems, Bilayer tablet, Gastro retentive, Bioavailability
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