Objective Our prospective study aims to define the correlation of EGFR(epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations with major histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma from resected and non-resected specimens, according to the WHO 2015 classification, in Moroccan North East Population. Methods Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations of 150 primary lung adenocarcinoma were performed using Real-Time PCR or SANGER sequencing. SPSS 21 was used to assess the relationship between histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma and EGFR mutation status. Results 25 mutations were detected in the series of 150 lung adenocarcinomas, most of which were found in cases with papillary, acinar, patterns than without these patterns and more frequently occurred in the cases without solid pattern than with this pattern. A significant correlation was observed between EGFR mutation and acinar (P = 0,024), papillary pattern (P = 0,003) and, negative association with a solid pattern (P < 0,001). In females, EGFR mutations were significantly correlated with the acinar pattern (P = 0,02), whereas in males with the papillary pattern (P = 0,01). Association between the histologic component and exon 19 deletions and exon 21 mutations were also evaluated and, we found a significant correlation between the papillary major pattern with exon 19 mutations (P = 0,004) and, ex21 with the acinar component (P = 0,03). Conclusion An analysis of resected and non-resected lung ADC specimens in 150 Moroccan Northeast patients, revealed that acinar and papillary patterns may predict the presence of a mutation in the EGFR gene. While the solid major pattern may indicate a low mutation rate of the EGFR gene.
Breast cancer is a serious worldwide public health problem and is currently the most common cancer overall. Its endocrine therapy is related to the expression of the steroid hormones, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). Breast cancers can be presented under multiple profiles of steroid hormones: ER(−)/PR(+), ER(+)/PR(−), double-positive/negative ER, and PR. 2–8% of all breast cancers express only PR (ER−/PR+) which is an abnormal phenotype, with less known about their behaviors and outcomes. Our study was performed on a large and well-characterized database of primary breast cancer from 2012 to 2019, up to 1159 cases. These cases were divided according to ER and PR expression, as we put all of our focus on ER-negative/PR-positive group, more specifically ER−/PR+/HER2+ and ER−/PR+/HER2− gene expressions, to highlight their features and find a pattern that links HR (hormone receptors) profiles and breast cancer subtypes. Out of the informative cases, 94 patients (8%) had ER−/PR+ breast cancers, while 676 (58.4%) had ER+/PR+, 88 (7.6%) had ER+/PR−, and 164 (14.2%) had ER−/PR− tumors. The ER−/PR+ group was statistically correlated with a high risk of recurrence and death in midway between the double-negative and double-positive HR. According to HER2 status, a low DFS was observed in patients ER−/PR+/HER2−, which is closer to the DFS of TNBC cases but worse than ER+/PR any. On the other side, the ER−/PR+/HER2+ showed also a poorer DFS closer to the HER2+ subgroup in between TNBC and ER+/PR any. The clinicopathological features of the ER−/PR+/HER2− and ER−/PR+ HER2+ have distinguished the patients into two groups with a difference in some clinicopathological characteristics: both groups had closer OS estimation, which was worse than ER−/PR any and better than TNBC and HER2. The ER−/PR+/HER2− seems to increase the risk of recurrence than ER−/PR+/HER2+ when compared to ER+/PR any. On the other hand, the ER−/PR+/HER2+ seems to increase the risk of death more than ER−/PR+/HER2− in comparison with ER+/PR any. Our results support that ER−/PR+ tumors really exist and are rare and clinically and biologically distinct subtypes of breast cancer. In addition, our analysis, which was based on dividing the groups according to HER2 expression, has revealed the existence of two distinct groups; this gave the ER−/PR+ subgroup a heterogeneity characterization. Moreover, this breast cancer subtype should not be treated as a luminal tumor but rather according to the HER2 expression status.
higher TMB (median, 29.9 vs 2.99; p<0.0001). Furthermore, previous studies have shown that copy-number alteration correlates with worse survival in immunotherapy, which means that FGA is a poor prognostic biomarker of immunotherapy. Gastric cancers with KMT2C/D exhibited significantly lower FGA than those without KMT2C/D mutations (median FGA: 0.085 with KMT2C/D vs 0.20805 without, p<0.0001).Conclusions: These results show that KMT2C/D mutations may be associated with higher TMB, MSI and lower FGA in gastric cancer. KMT2C/D genes might serve as promising prognostic factors for its immunotherapy.Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors.
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