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The model predicted the number of cases 1 month in advance with more or less acceptable accuracy. Therefore, it appears that the model might be useful as part of an early warning system.

This study was undertaken to investigate factors associated with stereotypic behavior in stabled horses in Iran. We evaluated sex, age, breed, color, frequency of feeding in the day, social contact with other horses during stabling, and the design of stable. We divided the stable design into two groups: indoor stables and those where the horses had contact with the outside environment. No statistical relationship could be found between the factors examined and stereotypic behavior. However, we found trends relating age group (1-7 and >7 years), color (white and dun were overrepresented), breed (Thoroughbred and Arabian horses were over-represented), and daily feeding frequency (twice over-represented compared with three times). Horses with tactile contact with others showed less stereotypy than those that had no tactile contact with neighbors. This study suggested that the most important factors in the occurrence of stereotypic behavior are social interaction with other horses and frequency of feeding. Stereotypies appear to be related to management factors.

A seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus among dairy cattle in Iran was carried out during 2006 and 2008. Blood samples were collected from 876 animals in five different provinces of the country. Sera were tested by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative determination of antibodies to CCHF virus. Serological evidence of infection was noted in 52 (5.9%) of 876 dairy cattle. Antibody prevalence increased with age; 78.8% seroprevalence in cattle older than 3 years versus 21.2% in animals less than 2 years old. There was a difference between provinces representing north-east (11.7%) and east (2%) of Iran.

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