For the present study, 25 Holstein and crossbreed, 3 to 7-year-old cows diagnosed with left displacement of the abomasum and 15 healthy cattle as control groups over a period of 2 years were used. LDA diagnosis was based on clinical examinations (high-pitched bell-like sounds) and confirmed by laparoscopy. Two blood samples were collected from each case through the jugular vein including one tube containing EDTA for hematological parameters analysis and one tube without anticoagulant for biochemical analysis. Hematological parameters including Ca, P, Mg, Cl, AST, urea, and glucose concentrations were measured by routine procedures. Serum was determined by use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and Na and K values were obtained using a flame photometer. The results of this study showed that Hb, percentage of PCV, total leukocytic, neutrophils, total protein count plus AST, urea, and glucose concentrations were significantly increased in the LDA cases compared to the control group, whereas a marked decrease in plasma electrolyte concentrations (hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia) was found in 88–92% of LDA cases. In conclusion, in the present study, it was shown that DA causes alterations in the clinical, hematological, and biochemical profiles and these alterations can be more severe when DA is concurrent with other diseases.

This study was undertaken to investigate factors associated with stereotypic behavior in stabled horses in Iran. We evaluated sex, age, breed, color, frequency of feeding in the day, social contact with other horses during stabling, and the design of stable. We divided the stable design into two groups: indoor stables and those where the horses had contact with the outside environment. No statistical relationship could be found between the factors examined and stereotypic behavior. However, we found trends relating age group (1-7 and >7 years), color (white and dun were overrepresented), breed (Thoroughbred and Arabian horses were over-represented), and daily feeding frequency (twice over-represented compared with three times). Horses with tactile contact with others showed less stereotypy than those that had no tactile contact with neighbors. This study suggested that the most important factors in the occurrence of stereotypic behavior are social interaction with other horses and frequency of feeding. Stereotypies appear to be related to management factors.

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