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Owing to increased safety concerns about synthetic antioxidants, exploitation of safer antioxidants based on natural origin is the focus of research nowadays. Cumin is a common spice and is used as a routine supportive cooking agent. Extracts of cumin were prepared in methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane by employing Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Determination of the total phenolic content, chelating activity, reducing power and free radical scavenging activity were taken as parameters for the assessment of antioxidant properties. The findings of this study suggest cumin to be a potent source of antioxidants. Results from the different parameters were in agreement with one another.

Liver and kidney diseases are the most frequently encountered problems around the globe. Damage to the liver and kidney may occur as a result of exposure to various drugs, chemicals, toxins, and pathogens, leading to severe disease conditions such as cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatitis, acute kidney injury, and liver and renal failure. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) has emerged as a rapidly developing field of study in terms of safe delivery of various medications to target organs with minimal side effects. Due to their physical characteristics, NPs have inherent pharmacological effects, and an accidental buildup can have a significant impact on the structure and function of the liver and kidney. By suppressing the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines iNOS and COX-2, NPs are known to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, NPs have demonstrated their ability to operate as an antioxidant, squelching the generation of ROS caused by substances that cause oxidative stress. Finally, because of their pro-oxidant properties, they are also known to increase the level of ROS, which causes malignant liver and kidney cells to undergo apoptosis. As a result, NPs can be regarded as a double-edged sword whose inherent therapeutic benefits can be refined as we work to comprehend them in terms of their toxicity.

Beans and lentils are good sources of total phenolic contents and possessed excellent free radical scavenging activity. This study was aimed to assess the total phenolic compounds (TPCs) and antioxidant activity of dried and germinated beans and lentils. The total phenolics contents were extracted from seven types of beans and lentils by using 50% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. The TPCs and antioxidant activities were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyle-1-picrylhydrazyl radical), ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) assays, respectively. The legumes showed the highest total phenolic contents (TPCs) and antioxidant capacity by DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity (p < 0.05) in germinated samples. The germinated beans and lentils contained more total phenolic contents that decrease significantly in dried beans. This study also suggested that germinated beans are a valuable source of commercial natural antioxidants.

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