Background: Considering the importance of organic farming and growing demand for organically produced foods, field studies were conducted for 14 kharif years (2007 to 2020) on a black clayey vertisol soil at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, India to study the influence of organic and conventional farming systems on productivity, grain quality, soil health and economic returns of super fine rice variety BPT-5204. Methods: The experiment was laid out in non replicated two block design with each block of an area of 2000 m2 each. The organic plot was green manured with Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) and FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Castor cake and Neem cake were applied @ 500 kg ha-1 as basal dose of manure and topdressing of vermicompost was added as a nutrient sources. In in-organic plot, 100% RDF (240:80:80 kg NPK ha-1) was applied. Result: The pooled mean grain yield of paddy grown in vertisols under K.C. Canal ayacut under organic farming treatment was 4.04 t/ha while it was 5.6 t ha-1 under control (Inorganic/Conventional farming) and the straw yield also was 5.07 t ha-1 under organic farming and 7.96 t ha-1 under control. The average yield increase in in organic plot was 27% and for straw it was 35%.The Organic carbon status was highest in organic plot (0.60%) when compared to the inorganic plot (0.36%).
A study was undertaken to delineation of spatial variability of soil fertility status in order to prepare soil available nutrient maps for improved productivity in different crops grown in the study area of Kurnool revenue division in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh state using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Knowledge of spatial-variability is critical for site specific nutrient management in soil fertility to obtain higher yields. Soil sample (350) were collected from surface from 350 selected sites for preparing precise digital maps using point, line and polygon tools of the Geographic Information System (GIS) with ArcGIS software 10.3 was used for database creation and for creating the union of various thematic maps. The spatial variability maps were generated and delineated into different zones for N, P and K. Soil available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium spatial variability values generated from the thematic maps of Kurnool division were used to establish fertilizer recommendations for cotton in kharif and Chickpea in rabi during 2018-19 seasons. The recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) that worked for cotton were 401 to 450, 351 to 400, > 450 and < 350 kg ha-1 for the areas with Nitrogen availability of 140 to 210, 210 to 280, <140 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphorous fertilizer recommendation for soils with available P of < 30 kg/ha and > 30 kg/ha was figured out as > 250 kg ha-1 and < 250 kg ha-1, respectively. For soil available Potassium recorded 230 to 560, < 230 and > 560 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 301 to 400, > 401 and < 300 kg/ha, respectively. Recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) was worked out for chickpea were 51 to 75, > 76 and < 50 kg/ha for the areas with available N ranges of 184 to 280, < 184 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphatic fertilizer recommendation for soils of available P of < 23.5 and 23.5 to 40 kg/ha was figured out as > 200 kg/ha and 171 to 200 kg/ha, respectively. For the soil available potassium recorded 253 to 412, 413 to 570, < 253 and > 570 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 66 to 100, 31 to 65, > 100 and < 30 kg/ha, respectively.
A revision was undertaken to draw correlation between nutrients available in soil and special indices in chickpea and cotton in the cram area of Kurnool revenue division in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh by means of remote sensing plus GIS techniques. A significant and positive correlation was observed between NDVI and available nitrogen during 2017-18 whereas both OC and nitrogen available had considerable positive correlation with NDVI during 2016-17 in chickpea. A significant and positive correspondence was recorded between the NDVI and organic carbon and nitrogen available in cotton during 2016-17. However, insignificant correlation was observed among NDVI and organic carbon or available nitrogen during 2017-18 under cotton cropping.
Humic acid is an eco-friendly product needed in lesser quantity when compared to other chemical fertilizers and manures. A field experiment was conducted for three Kharif seasons (2019, 2020 and 2021) at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyala, Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of potassium humate fertilizers on soil quality and productivity of Rice crop in scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh, India. Applications of potassium humate with different doses of fertilizers showed a significant effect on selected soil characteristics. The levels of available N, P, K, and micronutrients like Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in soil increased with different humic treatments. Significantly highest plant height, productive tillers per hill, panicle length and number of grains per panicle was observed with treatment (T4) 100% RDF + Soil application of humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1at tillering, panicle initiation and at harvest stages of crop over other treatments. Highest grain and straw yield of 6074 & 8374kg ha-1 respectively, was recorded with treatment T4 (100% RDF+30 kg ha-1Humic acid as soil application) which was on par with T2 and T3 treatments. The lowest yield was recorded with T1 (Control) 2453 kg ha-1 in all three years.
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