<span>Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It is known that chickpea thrives well under drought prone condition. However, heat stress during reproductive development can cause significant yield loss and there is a greater variability for yield performance of chickpea under heat stress. It is extremely important to develop screening tools for identification of thermotolerant chickpea genotypes in view of increase in average global temperatures. In this context, a lab experiment was conducted to standardize the temperature induction response (TIR) protocol for chickpea seedlings using WGC-450 programmable plant growth chamber. Temperatures were standardized as sub lethal i.e. challenging temperatures as 38-480C (for 4 hours &30 min) and lethal temperatures as 500C (for 3 hours). This technique can be used as a potential tool to identify and select temperature tolerant lines at the seedling stage from a large population. A set of diverse chickpea germplasm comprising of 57 genotypes were screened for intrinsic tolerance using the standardized Thermo Induced Response (TIR) protocol. Among the genotypes NBeG-528,NBeG-458,NBeG-511,NBeG-177,NBeG-747,NBeG-732 and VIHAR showed highest thermo tolerance in terms of higher seedling survival with no reduction in root and shoot growth. The genotypes with intrinsic heat tolerance can be explored for the development of varieties suitable for late sown conditions in Andhra Pradesh where chickpea is prone to terminal heat stress.</span>
Background: Considering the importance of organic farming and growing demand for organically produced foods, field studies were conducted for 14 kharif years (2007 to 2020) on a black clayey vertisol soil at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, India to study the influence of organic and conventional farming systems on productivity, grain quality, soil health and economic returns of super fine rice variety BPT-5204. Methods: The experiment was laid out in non replicated two block design with each block of an area of 2000 m2 each. The organic plot was green manured with Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) and FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Castor cake and Neem cake were applied @ 500 kg ha-1 as basal dose of manure and topdressing of vermicompost was added as a nutrient sources. In in-organic plot, 100% RDF (240:80:80 kg NPK ha-1) was applied.
Result: The pooled mean grain yield of paddy grown in vertisols under K.C. Canal ayacut under organic farming treatment was 4.04 t/ha while it was 5.6 t ha-1 under control (Inorganic/Conventional farming) and the straw yield also was 5.07 t ha-1 under organic farming and 7.96 t ha-1 under control. The average yield increase in in organic plot was 27% and for straw it was 35%.The Organic carbon status was highest in organic plot (0.60%) when compared to the inorganic plot (0.36%).
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