Rice is the most important staple cereals in human nutrition and consumed by 75% of the global population. Rice plant needs supply of essential nutrients for its optimal growth. Rice production has been increased tremendously in India after green revolution combined with insensitive irrigation and use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. However, the effect of using inorganic fertilizers has resulted in contamination of ground water and decreased the productivity of soil, which in turn affects the rice production in long term. Use of organic manure may help to regain the soil health but they are insufficient to provide the essential nutrients to achieve optimal growth. So, use of organic manures combine with inorganic fertilizers are followed to obtain optimum yields. This study aimed to test the effect of the different organic fertilizer and combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of two cultivars of rice as DRR Dhan 39 and RP.BIO.226. The experiment was conducted on the farm located at Fasalwadi village, Sangareddy district, Telangana during kharif season in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment included two controls and 10 combinations of four organic fertilizers as farmyard manure, vermicompost, Panchagavya, Jeevamrutha and inorganic fertilizers as combination of 60:75:75 levels of N, P and K. Grain and straw samples were collected and physical parameters were measured at harvest stage. The results indicated that the variety DRR Dhan 39 gave the statistically significant (P<0.0001) higher grain yield of 8713 kg/ha and straw yield of 9483kg/ha with 50% organic fertilizers of Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagavya 3% and 50% inorganic fertilizer of NPK. On the other hand, the variety of RP.BIO.226 gave the highest grain yield of 6390 kg/ha with Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagvya 3% (8 t/ha, foliar spray and 500 litres/ha) and highest straw yield of 7430 kg/ha with T10 treatment (50% organic fertilizers of Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagavya 3% and 50% inorganic fertilizer of NPK). Both varieties of rice poorly responded to inorganic fertilizers with lower grain and straw yield. Statistically significant differences were observed in both varieties of grain crude protein (CP%), straw acid detergent fiber (ADF%), crude fiber (CF%) and acid detergent lignin (ADL%) with different fertilizers
Field experiments were conducted for three successive seasons of kharif and rabi during 2007 and 2009 at Kothavaripalli Village, Madanapalle Mandal of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, with an objective to evaluate the impact of Jeevamrutha on yield and returns of two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) Masura and Hamsa. Jeevamrutham was prepared in the farm with urine and dung of native cows and the same was applied in cultivation of both varieties of rice. The cost of production, yield net return and benefit-cost ratio were estimated using jeevamrutha and compared with those of chemical farming. The analysis of the results showed that the yield with application of jeevamrutha is 2.775 tons /acre in Masura and 2.625 tons /acre in Hamsa variety of rice. These were 3.0 tons and 2.5 tons per acre by chemical method of farming. It indicated that application of Jeevamrutham could yield better than chemical farming in Hamsa variety. But the cost of cultivation was 18% higher in Masura and 19% higher in Hamsa variety of rice when grown with recommended dose of fertilizers as compared to the production using jeevamrutha. In both the varieties benefit-cost ratio was better with application of Jeevamrutha method being 3.39 in Masura variety 3.0 in Hamsa as compared to 1.09 and 0.6 in chemical methods of rice production respectively. The economic analysis showed that jeevamrutha production method is commercially viable since it registered better net returns and benefit-cost ratio than recommended dose of fertilizers in rice production.
Meloidogyne incognita is one of the major disease causing agents of Mulberry. This pathogen causes root knot disease in mulberry which causes 12-25% yield loss. There are a number of management techniques for the management of nematode but no single method alone can control this problem. So, in the present study an integration of different ecofriendly biocontrol methods were selected to know their efficacy on the management of root knot nematode in different mulberry varieties viz.Tr10, DD,V1RFS175,K2 and MS8. It was found that this integrated nematode management method can control nematode problem up to 83.30 % in Tr10 variety which is highest among the six varieties selected. And the less percentage of reduction and growth of plants was observed in MS8 variety. Highest percentage of growth and yield was observed in Tr10 variety.
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