On the example of a porous structure operation in the gas-liquid flow as the phase separator, the paper demonstrates the porometric characteristics effect to assess its performance in the capillary-type intra-tank devices of the space propulsion system fuel tanks. It is shown that for manufacture of a permeable phase separator taking into account the stable capillary structure and the possibility to obtain the hydraulic resistance given value, it is advisable to introduce a combined porous mesh material. For practical determination of one of the porous structure characteristics, i.e. the capillary holding capacity, a method is presented for preparing the permeable structure surface of the phase separator material for testing based on the “bubble” technique, and principles of using such wetting liquids as water, glycerin or ethyl alcohol are discussed. Taking into account small thicknesses of the phase separators made of combined porous materials, types of the circuit solutions of the test installations are provided for determining the capillary holding capacity of porous mesh materials differing from the traditional ones used in orosimetry of soils, rocks and filter materials obtained on the basis of powder metallurgy.
The article presents justification for the need to design and develop porous mesh materials to replace the fine-mesh metal single-layer mono-grids used in various technical structures. Evolution of the porous mesh materials composition is described depending on the technical requirements imposed. It is noted that a special role is given to the requirement to the method of connecting the porous mesh material and the main structure of a technical product in terms of reliability, tightness and absence of harmful effects on its internal structure. It is demonstrated that this requirement is successfully implemented in composition of the combined porous mesh material (metal) with edges specially prepared for using the joining method based on the laser pulse welding. Examples are provided of the use of welded structures based on combined porous mesh material in space, aviation and gas industries in the Russian Federation. Current problems of specialized production of the porous mesh materials are considered, and recommendations are provided that should assist in overcoming these.
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the processes of emptying the fuel tanks of spacecraft liquid rocket propulsion systems at the final stages of free (undisturbed) flight in tanks with innertank capillary devices (IT CD). On the basis of the analysis of the emptying process, the dimensionless complex structure is formed. The complexes determine the dependence of the residual propellant on the physical properties of the propellant and the parameters of the IT CD. Experimental studies were performed on the weightlessness stand, using the principle of realization of the conditions of reduced weight in tested equipment free fall. The results of the experimental studies have shown that the main criterion determining the value of residual propellant is the Froude number. The criterion equation for determination of residual propellant is obtained. The influence of viscosity and surface tension of the propellant on the value of residual propellant begins to affect at the values of the Froude numbers exceeding 104.
Представлены некоторые результаты совместной деятельности сотрудников факультета электроники и системотехники и работников других организаций и предприятий в области решения инженерных задач и научных проблем космической отрасли с момента открытия факультета (1959 г.) по настоящее время. Основные представленные результаты были получены в области изучения особенностей поведения жидкости в условиях, близких к невесомости, в исследовании остаточных ускорений на борту космического аппарата, в технических проблемах подачи жидкого топлива в двигательную установку, в изучении кипения в невесомости.
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