Advanced materials were used and are being implemented in structural, mechanical, and high-end applications. Contemporary materials are used and being implemented in structural, mechanical, and high-end applications. Composites have several major capabilities, some of them being able to resist fatigue, corrosion-resistance, and production of lightweight components with almost no compromise to the reliability, etc. Nanocomposites are a branch of materials within composites, known for their greater mechanical properties than regular composite materials. The use of nanocomposites in the aerospace industry currently faces a research gap, mainly identifying the future scope for application. Most successes in the aerospace industry are because of the use of suitable nanocomposites. This review article highlights the various nanocomposite materials and their properties, manufacturing methods, and their application, with key emphasis on exploiting their advanced and immense mechanical properties in the aerospace industry. Aerospace structures have used around 120,000 materials; herein, nanocomposites such as MgB2, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/montmorillonite nanocomposites are discussed, and these highlight properties such as mechanical strength, durability, flame retardancy, chemical resistance, and thermal stability in the aerospace application for lightweight spacecraft structures, coatings against the harsh climate of the space environment, and development of microelectronic subsystems.
Due to the versatility of its features and capabilities, chitosan generated from marine crustacean waste is gaining importance and appeal in a wide variety of applications. It was initially used in pharmaceutical and medical applications due to its antibacterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. However, as the demand for innovative materials with environmentally benign properties has increased, the application range of chitosan has expanded, and it is now used in a variety of everyday applications. The most exciting aspect of the chitosan is its bactericidal properties against pathogens, which are prevalent in contaminated water and cause a variety of human ailments. Apart from antimicrobial and water filtration applications, chitosan is used in dentistry, in water filtration membranes to remove metal ions and some heavy metals from industrial effluents, in microbial fuel cell membranes, and in agriculture to maintain moisture in fruits and leaves. It is also used in skin care products and cosmetics as a moisturizer, in conjunction with fertilizer to boost plant immunity, and as a bi-adhesive for bonding woods and metals. As it has the capacity to increase the life span of food items and raw meat, it is an unavoidable component in food packing and preservation. The numerous applications of chitosan are reviewed in this brief study, as well as the approaches used to incorporate chitosan alongside traditional materials and its effect on the outputs.
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