The present study focused on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from an endophytic fungus isolated from the medicinal plant Abrus precatorius. The endophytic fungus was identi ed as Phyllosticta owaniana KUMBMDBT-32 (NCBI Accession number MW007919). The fungus was cultured in submerged fermentation and extracted with ethyl acetate (1:1 V/V). The extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis which have revealed the presence of 42 bioactive compounds of secondary metabolites. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by Bio-spectrophotometer, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD and DLS. The absorption spectra in the Bio-spectrophotometer analysis showed a peak at 400 nm, con rmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The FTIR study revealed peaks corresponding to various functional groups possibly involved, con rming the reducing and capping of silver nanoparticles. The spherical form of silver nanoparticles was revealed through SEM-EDAX studies, the EDAX study showed that silver atoms are present at 3keV. XRD studies revealed the crystalline structure of the silver nanoparticles. DLS study determined size of synthesized silver nanoparticles i.e., 65.81 nm. Antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles was tested against pathogenic bacteria. S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi and K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic enhancing activity of silver nanoparticles was determined by using commercial antibiotics such as Chloramphenicol, Cefpodoxime, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, and Imipenem. Antifungal activity silver nanoparticles was determined against fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus brassiliensis, and Aspergillus avus. Synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited effective antioxidant, measurement of cell viability by MTT assay and in-vitro and in-vivo anti-in ammatory activities. These results certainly determines pharmaceutical and biomedical importance of silver nanoparticles.

In this study, we demonstrated a simple, green, and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the endophytic fungus Metapochonia suchlasporia-KUMBMDBT-23 isolated from the medicinal plant Argemone mexicana. Silver nanoparticles were synthesised using the biomass cell filtrate of Metapochonia suchlasporia, which was identified by morphological and molecular characterization. The fungus extract was extracted with ethyl acetate (1:1 V/V) and was analysed by GC-MS. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were investigated by Bio-spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray, (SEM-EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Metapochonia suchlasporia synthesised silver nanoparticles were effective against gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. Using market antibiotics, the antimicrobial enhancing activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of silver nanoparticles was evaluated. The antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against fungal infections was determined. Moreover, silver nanoparticles synthesised showed effect of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities. Further in -vitro anticancer activity was determined by MTT assay using HePG2 and A498 cell lines. In -vitro anti-inflammatory activity was determined by egg albumin, bovine serum albumin denaturation test and membrane stabilization test, HRBC, in- vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined by inducing Female Swiss Albino mice with inflammatory agent’s carrageenan paw edema. This study showed silver nanoparticles generated by microbes are effective inhibitors and have potential biological implications.

The present study is focused on improving the growth and phosphate uptake of leafy vegetables by supplying phosphate bioinoculants. For the study of plant growth and phosphate uptake in leafy vegetables, a total of 41 PSF were isolated, from the 50 rhizosphere soil samples through a serial dilution method using Pikovskaya’s medium. Among them, 6 PSF were selected with maximum solubilization index (3.08 to 3.86) and further evaluated their phosphate solubilization ability under laboratory and field conditions. The selected 6 PSF showed good results in decreased pH (4.0 to 3.1 from initial pH of 6.89), titrable acidity (30.16g/L to 38.08g/L), and concentration of phosphate in culture broth was (60µg to 25µg). With these results, the PSF bio inoculants were prepared and treated with selected seeds of methi and palak under field trials. Among the selected six PSF, PSF 39 (Penicillium oxalicum) showed maximum plant growth and yield in methi, the parameters including plant height and number of leaves (7.8cm, 15 leaves at 15 days after sowing and 10.1cm, 21 leaves at harvest), root length (5.5cm), biomass (2.11g of fresh weight and 1.01g of dry weight) and yield of leafy vegetable (2.01g). The maximum plant phosphorus uptake was recorded in plants (0.393%) and maximum P (Kg/ha) available in the rhizosphere soil was recorded (346.96Kg/ha). PSF 38 (Aspergillus japonicus) showed maximum plant growth and yield in palak, the parameters including plant height and number of leaves (15.7cm, 8 leaves at 15 days after sowing and 30.6cm, 11 leaves at harvest), root length (10.9cm), biomass (11.23g of fresh weight and 3.82g of dry weight) and yield of leafy vegetable (10.32g). The maximum plant phosphorus uptake was recorded in plants (0.369%) and maximum P (Kg/ha) available in the rhizosphere soil was recorded (346.29 Kg/ha).

The present study focused on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from an endophytic fungus isolated from the medicinal plant Abrus precatorius. The endophytic fungus was identified as Phyllosticta owaniana KUMBMDBT-32 (NCBI Accession number MW007919). The fungus was cultured in submerged fermentation and extracted with ethyl acetate (1:1 V/V). The extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis which have revealed the presence of 42 bioactive compounds of secondary metabolites. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by Bio-spectrophotometer, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD and DLS. The absorption spectra in the Bio-spectrophotometer analysis showed a peak at 400 nm, confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The FTIR study revealed peaks corresponding to various functional groups possibly involved, confirming the reducing and capping of silver nanoparticles. The spherical form of silver nanoparticles was revealed through SEM-EDAX studies, the EDAX study showed that silver atoms are present at 3keV. XRD studies revealed the crystalline structure of the silver nanoparticles. DLS study determined size of synthesized silver nanoparticles i.e., 65.81 nm. Antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles was tested against pathogenic bacteria. S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi and K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic enhancing activity of silver nanoparticles was determined by using commercial antibiotics such as Chloramphenicol, Cefpodoxime, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, and Imipenem. Antifungal activity silver nanoparticles was determined against fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus brassiliensis, and Aspergillus flavus. Synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited effective antioxidant, measurement of cell viability by MTT assay and in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities. These results certainly determines pharmaceutical and biomedical importance of silver nanoparticles.