This study evaluated the potential of the PCL (poly -caprolactone)/HA(Hydroxyapatite) composite materials as a scaffold for bone regeneration. For this, we fabricated scaffolds utilizing salt leaching method. The PCL/HA composite scaffolds were prepared with various HA contents (20wt%, 40wt%, 60 wt %). To ensure the potential for the scaffolds, porosity tests were conducted along with SEM observations. The porosity decreased with the increase of the contents of HA particles. The porosity of the composite with the highest contents of HA was still adoptable (~85%). In addition, the PCL/HA composite scaffolds were evaluated for their ability of osteogenic differentiation with human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, markers for osteoblastic differentiation, and total protein contents were evaluated in hBMSCs following 14 days of cultivation. The addition of HA particles enhanced proliferation of hBMSC during the test. Also, the differentiation ability of the cells was increased as HA particles were added. In this study, we concluded that PCL/HA composite scaffolds has great potential as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
PMMA remains the most popular material of bone cement for orthopaedic surgeries. However, conventional PMMA bone cement still has some problems. For this, we suggested new composite material (BBC) consisting of hydroxyapatite (45%), chitosan (10%) and PMMA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding stress at the interface of PMMA with additives and host bone using a rabbit model. After 6, 12 weeks of operation, the bonding stresses were evaluated by measuring shear stress through push-out test. The results of the tests showed that after 6 weeks the shear stress of the BBC was 2.65±0.29MPa and the PMMA was 1.21±0.31MPa (p<0.05). However, after 12 weeks, there were no significant differences between BBC and conventional PMMA bone cement. In SEM analysis, bone surface of BBC showed higher roughness than that of conventional PMMA bone cement after push-out test. From the study we conducted, addition of HA particles and chitosan to conventional PMMA bone cement showed promising results. The BBC has clinical potential of bone substitutes replacing conventional PMMA.
Thermosensitive scaffold was suggested for the partial replacement of nucleus in degenerated intervertebral disc with a minimally invasive surgical procedure. Biocompatible and thermosensitive scaffolds were prepared by coupling reaction of Pluronic with chitosan and it was inserted in degenerative spinal motion segments. To confirm the regeneration of degenerative discs and subsequent structural stability, cell proliferation and morphological changes were evaluated using relaxation time, quantity of DNA and histological examination. As a result, inserted group showed higher relaxation time, reduced the decrement of DNA contents, and accumulated GAG amount. The results confirmed the potential of thermosensitive scaffolds and minimally invasive surgical procedure for the regeneration of degenerative discs.
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