The shores of the Sea of Azov are exposed to dangerous exogenous geological processes—abrasion, landslide processes, beach erosion. For more effective monitoring, spatial analysis and risk assessment of the above-mentioned hazards, a geoinformation system (GIS) “Coastal processes in the Sea of Azov” has been created. GIS contains: the results of field observations of coastal processes on the reference network for more than 60 years, historical maps, data from literary sources, Earth remote sensing data—satellite images and aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles, observation data from coastal hydrometeorological stations, ERA-Interim and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data, automated sea level monitoring data in the coastal zone. GIS “Coastal processes in the Sea of Azov” was implemented on the ArcGIS 10 software platform. All data are structured in the basic blocks (a block of basic spatial model, a block of information about the shores and the natural environment, a block of field research, a block of remote observation data, a block of socio-economic information, a block of analytical information), each of which relies on spatial databases that were created as a result of the systematization of relevant information. A number of decision support tools to assess the danger and risk of abrasive and landslide processes in the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov, have been developed. They are embedded in GIS and have the possibility of spatial visualization. The created geoinformation products make it possible to identify the most dangerous areas of the coast for the subsequent prepare a list of measures and decision-making to ensure their safety. Access to the work results is implemented through a cartographic web interface.
Аннотация. В статье предложена новая методика исследования геоморфологических особенностей берегов на основе использования беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БЛА). Установлены оптимальные параметры БЛА для наблюдения за абразионными, оползневыми и аккумулятивными берегами. Создан банк данных фотоматериалов с БЛА. Отработана методика определения морфологических и морфометрических характеристик берегов различных типов с использованием инструментария программы Agisoft PhotoScan. Ключевые слова: Беспилотный летательный аппарат, абразионный берег, оползневой берег, овражно-балочная сеть, ортофотоплан, цифровая модель рельефа, Таганрогский залив.
The study is devoted to the assessment of areal losses of various types of land use in the coastal zone of the Taganrog Bay as a result of the manifestation of dangerous exogenous geological processes. The method of estimating the movement of the coastline using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v5. add-on to the Esri ArcGIS Desktop 10.4-10.6. The superstructure allows you to calculate the statistics of the speed of its change from several historical positions of the coastline, based on the constructed sections (transects) perpendicular to the shore with a given step. Based on the calculated statistics, a forecast of the coastline is formed (for 10 or 20 years ahead) based on historical data on the location of the coastline. The construction of forecast horizons is performed using the Kalman filter to combine the observed positions of the coastline with the simulated positions to predict the future position of the coastline. The data sources were archival images of high and medium resolution satellite missions “Corona“, “Spot“, “Sentinel-2“. Based on the calculated abrasion rates for the northern coast of the Taganrog Bay from 1967 to 2020, and for the southern coast from 1971 to 2020, forecast horizons for 10 and 20 years ahead are formed and the areas of land with different types of land use falling into the expected collapse zone are calculated. The results obtained show that on the northern coast, the types of “wastelands“ and beaches are most susceptible to collapse, while on the southern coast, the main type falling under the collapse is arable land. A similar trend is typical for the entire coast as a whole.
The article offers a method for assessing changes in the relief of the Azov sea coastline and the localization of areas of erosion using discrete surface models obtained from remote sensing of the Earth using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This problem arises because of the need to monitor the dynamics of the coastline: due to the activation of various natural and man-made processes, there is an intensive destruction of the shores of the seas of Russia. Existing modern methods of land topographic survey do not allow you to quickly get information about changes in the state of the coastline or are expensive, and the large extent of the zone subject to erosion makes the traditional instrumental approach of measuring at reference points very labor-intensive. Also, the data obtained by the instrumental method reflects the problem point-by-point, rather than along the entire coastline. In this paper, we developed an algorithm and software for building a three-dimensional terrain model (using Delaunay triangulation) based on the so-called “dense point cloud” obtained when shooting terrain from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). we proposed and programmatically implemented an algorithm for comparing (subtracting) two 3D models based on surveys performed by the same camera, but at different times of the day, in different seasons, and at different heights with an interval of 2 years, to identify significant changes in terrain in the area of the coastal slope, caused by abrasive and collapse processes. Experimental studies of the developed approach were conducted at the test site (500 by 300 m in size) on the southern shore of the Taganrog Bay. As a result of the considered experimental studies of comparing two 3D terrain models based on dense point clouds, additional working hypotheses (steps) that need to be solved were formulated to identify significant differences due to the destruction of the coast
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