1 Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана, Москва, Россия, 2 Краснодарское высшее военное училище им. генерала армии С. М. Штеменко, Краснодар, Россия, 3 Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана, Калужский филиал, Калуга, Россия МОДЕЛЬ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ УЯЗВИМОСТЕЙ ПРИ НЕСТАБИЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕВЫХ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯХ С АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМОЙ В статье дается описание модели выявления уязвимостей при нестабильных сетевых взаимодействиях с автоматизированной системой. Процесс выявления уязвимостей автоматизированных систем в этих условиях обладает такими недостатками, как узкая область применения существующих моделей, низкая оперативность и неполнота контроля реального состояния автоматизированной системы, малая достоверность результатов контроля. На основе теории автоматов построена структурная модель, обеспечивающая выявление уязвимостей автоматизированных систем в рассматриваемых условиях. Описан процесс функционирования модели при нестабильных сетевых взаимодействиях с автоматизированной системой. Построена граф-схема алгоритма, предоставляющего возможность практической реализации предлагаемой модели. Модель выявления уязвимостей, созданная в статье, позволяет обеспечить оперативность, полноту и достоверность контроля реального состояния автоматизированных систем, функционирующих при нестабильных сетевых взаимодействиях; расширить область применения существующих моделей и способов выявления уязвимостей для динамических автоматизированных систем, характеризуемых относительно коротким интервалом времени функционирования; автоматизировать процесс восстановления контроля автоматизированных систем, прерванного под воздействием внешних факторов; адаптивно управлять временем принятия решений; обеспечивать итерационный подход к выявлению уязвимостей автоматизированных систем.Ключевые слова: модель, уязвимость, безопасность, автоматизированная система, нестабильность, сетевое взаимодействие, алгоритм, теория автоматов.
The article is devoted to the study of unsolved problems of the human capital theory, as follows the determination of the mechanism of human capital formation, methods of economic analysis of its effectiveness and accounting costs for its formation. The authors rely on the approach to the definition of “human capital” generally accepted in the economic theory, in terms of which it is a complex of knowledge and the most important resource for sustainable development of the economy, as well as on the structural and systematic approaches, according to which the components of human contribute to the sustainable development of the economy capital acting in concert with each other. In this setting, the main unit of human capital is the member of the creative class. The authors consider a cost approach as the methodological basis for accounting and evaluating human capital in practice. As the main research methods, the authors use the model-building technique for the formation and accumulation of human capital, special methods of economic analysis and statistics. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in identifying the management mechanism of human capital formation and validation of the integrated assessment methods and the methods of accounting the effectiveness of the costs of developing human capital in the enterprise management system, which were tested when measuring the effectiveness of the particular enterprise’s investments in human capital.
Aim. To investigate the process of formation of the circular economy in Russia within the framework of ensuring sustainable development and to identify the problems of forming a circular economy and the barriers that hinder the process of implementing business models of a circular economy in enterprises.Materials and Methods. Our study is based on systems analysis, comparative and statistical methods.Discussion. The research results have confirmed the necessity of transition to the formation a circular economy in Russia. This is despite the fact that the volume of recycled waste arising from production and consumption in Russia is growing faster than that of its generation, the actual proportion of recycling and waste disposal is growing rather slowly (somewhat more than 50%), while the proportion of the volume of production and consumption waste placed at company facilities, on average, amounted to 50% for the period analysed. Greenhouse gas emissions also have a negative impact on the environment with those of the "Economy" sector accounting for almost 79% thus determining the relevance of transition to renewable energy.Conclusion. The transition to a circular economy, in particular as a result of the use of renewable energy, will reduce the negative impact of anthropogenic pressure on the environment and ensure a balance between the environmental, economic and social components of sustainable development.
Financial literacy in today's developed and rapidly changing world is one of the vital elements in the system of skills and rules of conduct. The textbook contains six chapters that form students' financial literacy and contribute to the development of decision-making skills in the field of personal finance management. The textbook discusses modern financial services and financial products for the population, types of financial violations and fraud, as well as ways to counter them. The practical aspects of taxation of individuals, ways of protecting the rights of consumers of financial services are separately touched upon. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the main educational programs of higher education in the areas of bachelor's degree.
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