The purpose of our work is to assess the health state of woody plants growing in different habitats of the city of Aktobe. We have studied the health state of arboreal and shrubby plants growing in various urban habitats; the survey was conducted during 2016-2017 by route-visual method. We performed the analysis of species diversity, abundance and density in urban area. The assessment of health state of the trees was made according to V.A. Alekseev. From your data and literature review we established that such species as Ulmus pinnato-ramosa, Acer negundo, Populus tremula, Populus nigra, and Syringa vulgaris have strong winter resistnce in the territory of Aktobe; we registered that only their apex buds and emds of the shoots were frozen in severe winters. The medium-resistant speices include Ulmus laevis and Acer platonoides. They are less plastic and suffer from late spring and early autumn frosts. The Amorpha fruticosa, Vitis vinifera, and Parthenocissus guinguefolia could be considered as the non-resistant species, since they usually freeze up to the snow cover line. The analysis of the vital state made it possible to assess the resistance to urban conditions of the majority of trees and shrubs registered in urban habitats of Aktobe. According to the preliminary data, the origin of the plant and its winter resistance are of main importance when introducing new species to urban area. Цель нашей работы -оценить жизненное состояние древесных растений, произрастающих в различных районах города Актобе. Нами было исследовано жизненное состояние древесно-кустарниковых растений, произрастающих в различных городских биотопах; обследование проводили в течение 2016-2017 гг. маршрутно-визуальным методом. Для объективной оценки видового разнообразия проводился анализ встречаемости видов на территории города. Оценка жизненного состояния проводилась по методике В.А. Алексеева (Alekseev, 1989). По литературным данным и собственным наблюдениям, из произрастающих растений на территории г. Актобе, такие виды, как Ulmus pinnatoramosa, Acer negundo, Populus tremula, Populus nigra, Syringa vulgaris, являются весьма зимостойкими, у них только в суровые зимы подмерзают верхушечные почки и концы побегов. К среднезимостойким видам можно отнести Ulmus laevis, Аcer platonoides. Они менее пластичные, страдают от поздних весенних и ранних осенних заморозков. К незимостойким видам можно отнести Amorpha fruticosa, Vitis vinifera, Parthenocissus guinguefolia, так как обмерзают до линии снегового покрова. Проведенный анализ жизненного состояния позволил оценить устойчивость к городским условиям большинства деревьев и кустарников, встречающихся в посадках г. Актобе. По предварительным данным, наибольшее значение при введении в озеленение новых видов имеет место происхождения растения и его зимостойкость.
The study and conservation of biodiversity is one of the global problems of modern biology, since currently in many regions of the planet there is a decrease in the species composition of various organisms, including fungi. The obtained data make a significant contribution to the knowledge of the diversity of macromycetes of oak forests in the middle reaches of the Ural River, information about which is still insufficient and fragmented on the territory of Kazakhstan.The article presents data on the biodiversity of mycobiota of the oak forests of the Ural River valley, growing not only in the floodplain of the river, but also in beams, that is, the ravine forests flowing into the central floodplain. We have registered 31 species belonging to 23 genera, 17 families and five orders. The leading families are Polyporaceae, Boletaceae, Russulaceae, Amanitaceae. As a result of our research, it has been found that the mycological composition in ravine oak forests is richer than in floodplain oak forests. The richness of the species composition of macromycetes appears to have been influenced by well-defined associations in ravine oak forests (22 associations), represented by forest boreal tree-shrub species absent in floodplain oak forests, as well as favorable microclimatic conditions, relief, soil cover and various ecotopes that are not observed in floodplain oak forests (16 associations).Ecological-trophic analysis showed the predominance of mycorrhizal (45.1%) and xylotrophs (41.9%) over humus saprotrophs (12.9%). The considered taxonomic composition of macromycetes of the studied area is collected, identified and presented for the first time for this region.
The article provides an analysis of the distribution of lichen species across 11 test sites laid on the territory of the Burabay National Park in 2018–2019. The total area of the Burabay National Park is 129.3 thousand hectares, where more than 700 vascular plants grow. It was formed in 2000 in the northern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to preserve the unique natural complex and use it for recreational, scientific and cultural purposes. It is part of the Shchuchinsko-Borovskaya resort area. Geographically, it is an island-type ring structure, which is an oasis surrounded by expanses of steppes. On the territory of the Burabay National Park there are multiple large lakes: Borovoe, Shuchye, Maloe and Bolshoe Chebachye, Maybalyk, Katarkol. To identify the full species composition of lichens, all types of substrates were examined on the test areas: the surface of trunks and branches of trees of different species and conditions (live, dry, dead wood), rotting wood, soil, stones. 44 species of lichens belonging to 9 families and 19 genera have been identified in the vicinity of the National Park. The taxonomic composition of lichenobiota is as follows: Peltigeraceae (3 species), Teloschistaceae (3), Lecideaceae (3), Physciaceae (5), Parmeliaceae (14), Cladoniaceae (13). The families Dermatocarpaceae, Verrucariaceae, and Lecanoraceae include one species each. The largest number of species of the National Park Burabay are represented by epiphytes.
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