Background: The threat of pandemic A/H1N1 infl uenza is still a matter of considerable public concern. Infl uenza outbreak in 2009 underlined the importance of rapid production of a suffi cient vaccine reserve for pandemic and interpandemic periods. One promising way to allay this concern is development of cell culture-derived live attenuated infl uenza vaccines (LAIV), because this technology makes it possible to produce a considerable amount of vaccine over a short period of time. Objectives: The goal of this work was to study the immunogenic and protective properties of the Vector-Flu vaccine in animal models. Methods: We have developed Vector-Flu, a live attenuated vaccine against pandemic infl uenza, based on the cold-adapted reassortant vaccine strain for LAIV, A/17/California/2009/38(H1N1), and produced in certifi ed MDCK cells. The immunogenicity and protective effi cacy of Vector-Flu vaccine were studied in ferrets and mice. Results: A double immunization with the live MDCK-derived Vector-Flu infl uenza vaccine induced a high level of neutralizing antibodies in ferret serum both to the pandemic A/Chita/3/2009(H1N1) infl uenza virus strain, isolated in Russia, and to the pandemic A/California/7/2009(H1N1) strain. Intranasal immunization of mice induced levels of serum antibodies suffi cient to protect them when aerosolchallenged with 100 infectious doses of A/Chita/3/2009(H1N1) strain. Conclusion: Theoretical estimates of protective antibody levels necessary for protecting humans from the disease caused by pandemic A/H1N1(2009) infl uenza virus, and the experimental data from animal models (ferrets and mice), suggest that the Vector-Flu vaccine is able to protect humans after a single immunization.
Saponins extracted from Polemonium caeruleum were studied as intranasal adjuvant by guinea pig intranasal immunization with trivalent influenza antigens. Sera titers of the animals immunized intranasally and control animals immunized intramuscularly were measured in HI and ELISA. On day 21 reciprocal GMT HI titers in group dually immunized intranasally were 201/64/31 against H1N1pdm09/H3N2/B components accordingly. Data obtained in ELISA shows that there was no statistically significant (P=0.95) differences in sera titers with control group of single intramuscularly immunized animals. Presented research shows that Polemonium caeruleum saponins can be studied as a candidate mucosal adjuvant for intranasal or oral viral or bacterial inactivated vaccines.
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