We have cloned a DNA fragment containing the gene for a cell wall hydrolase from Bacillus licheniformis FD0120 into Escherichia coli. Sequencing of the fragment showed the presence of an open reading frame (ORF; designated as cwlL), which is different from the B. licheniformis cell wall hydrolase gene cwlM, and encodes a polypeptide of 360 amino acids with a molecular mass of 38,994. The enzyme purified from the E. coli clone is an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, which has a M(r) value of 41 kDa as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and is able to digest B. licheniformis, B. subtilis and Micrococcus luteus cell walls. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of cwlL are very similar to those of ORF3 in the putative operon xpaL1-xpaL2-ORF3 in B. licheniformis MC14. Moreover, the amino acid sequence homology of CwlL with the B. subtilis amidase CwlA indicates two evolutionarily distinguishable regions in CwlL. The sequence homology of CwlL with other cell wall hydrolases and the regulation of cwlL are discussed.
A positive working photoresist based on octa-O-tert-butyl carbonated C-hexylcalix[4]resorcinarene (t-BOC-h-C4) and p-nitrobenzyl-9,10-dimethoxy-anthracene-2-sulfonate (NDS) as a photoacid generator has been developed. The photoresist consisting of t-BOC-h-C4 (90 wt%) and NDS (10 wt%) showed a sensitivity of 24 mJ/cm2 and a contrast of 8.1, when it was exposed to 365 nm light and postbaked at 90°C for 2 min, followed by developing with a 1% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution at room temperature.
Background: Chemokines selectively attract and activate leukocytes and play roles in a variety of homeostatic and disease processes. Explore the biological properties of CXCL14 seems complicated due to unknown functional characteristics of CXCL14 in cancer.Methods: To study the multistep process of oral cancer development, we analyzed oral samples spanning normalcy, dysplasia and cancer from multiple perspectives, revealing a cascade of progressive changes.Results: CXCL14 protein was expressed in the cytoplasm adjacent to tumors. T classification (P<0.001), clinical stage (P=0.0013) and nodal metastasis (P=0.0035) were significantly associated with CXCL14 in relationships between CXCL14 expression levels and tumor and patient characteristics. Compared with non-tumor tissue, expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene was increased in dysplasia and was further sustained in cancer. Our data show an inverse relationship between CXCL14 and EGFR expression levels in tumor cells indicating that CXCL14 expression is beneficial for tumor suppression. To explore epigenetic regulation and the impact of CXCL14 on oral cancer, analysis of CpG islands methylation in the CXCL14 promoter region indicated that the abnormal hypermethylation of that promoter region in tumor cells and tissues is one of the mechanisms causing the reduced expression. Restoration of CXCL14 expression was induced by treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Using in vivo mouse models, we demonstrate that the restoration of CXCL14 expression in irradiation-induced oral carcinoma cells induces the expression of Late Cornified Envelope (LCE) genes.Conclusions: Our data suggest that LCE genes are a novel target of CXCL14 and are likely to have a tumor suppressor function through the modulation of CXCL14 expression. In conclusion, CXCL14 might play a pivotal role in the pathobiology of oral cancer, probably by regulating DNA methylation and leukocyte migration. The level of CXCL14 expression may be a valuable adjuvant parameter to predict the prognosis of patients with oral carcinoma and may be a potential therapeutic target.
PHT-induced gingival overgrowth may result from the above-mentioned mechanisms involving apoptosis inhibition in gingival fibroblasts.
This paper describes the design and implementation of an Ada system for heterogeneous distributed embedded targets. It permits a single Ada program to run in a loosely coupled, heterogeneous multi-processor environment, enabling the development of a distributed system with Ada's full checking facilities, The units of distribution are task objects, and we examine the impact of this decision on program design. The prototype consists of an Ada-to-C translator and run time routines (RTR) for distributed tasking support. The translator works on IJNIX 1 workstations, and its target program runs on VxWorks2. RTR uses socket facilities for inter-and intra-processor communication to implement Ada tasking. This paper also describes the task monitoring facility which monitors and visualizes interactions among tasks.
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